SOCI 200 MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is the fertility gap? - Answer- when the number of children one has diverges from
their ideal or planned number
What is unintended childbearing? - Answer- when childbearing is unplanned or
mistimed
What is involuntary childlessness? - Answer- when someone would like to have children
but cannot due to medical, economic or personal reasons
What is a total fertility rate? - Answer- The average number of children a woman will
have throughout her childbearing years.
What are the changes in preconditions to parenthood? - Answer- people are making
decisions based on how well they can provide security for their children and are
influenced by how parenthood has become a project, stretched out life stages and the
misalignment between feeling ready and being able to have kids
How prevalent is non-marital childbearing - Answer- it is most common among young,
single people and unmarried couples, 43% of children worldwide are born outside of a
marriage
What is the prevalence of multi partner fertility - Answer- MPF which is having children
with more than one partner is more common now because of the increase in
cohabitation and divorce and non marital childbearing
- in the US 1 in 10 people will experience MPF
What are different types of Assisted reproductive technologies - Answer- IVF, egg
freezing artificial insemination, surrogacy
What is adoption? - Answer- the legal and permanent transfer of parental rights from a
person/couple to another person/couple
How common is adoption in Canada? - Answer- 2% of Canadians have at least one
adopted child
, In which countries is adoption most common? - Answer- US, Italy, Spain, France and
Canada
In which demographics in childlessness the most common? - Answer- highly educated
women and less educated men
Why is childlessness so prevalent in Japan? - Answer- - non marital childbearing is not
an option
- rigid gender expectations for women
- rigid motherhood expectations (pressure to devote 100% of self to children
- long work hours
- economic insecurity
- more single people
What are the consequences on childlessness? - Answer- - rising inequalities between
who becomes a parents
- how to address the issue of an aging population and provide support for childless
people
What are common reasons for abortion? - Answer- - not being financially preapred
- the timing not being right
- bad partner relationships
- needing to focus on children one already has
- not being emotionally ready
- not being able to provide a good life for the child
- medical reasons
What is cohabitation? - Answer- an arrangement where parents who are not married
live together
What are micro level explanations for why cohabitation happens? - Answer- a belief that
it is better to live together before marriage, marriage is expensive, it is easier to breakup
when unmarried
What are macro level explanations for why cohabitation happens? - Answer- a general
trend towards secularization and individualizations in society, legal barriers that exist for
same-sex couples and widespread economic uncertainty and employment precocity
making marriage less of an importance
what is a common-law union? - Answer- a cohabitation relationship where couples are
not formally married but do have some legal rights and obligation to each other due to
the length of time they have been together
what are the different types of common law unions? - Answer- 1. unmarried couples
who have lived together in a "marriage-like" relationships for a continuous period of
more than 2 years
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is the fertility gap? - Answer- when the number of children one has diverges from
their ideal or planned number
What is unintended childbearing? - Answer- when childbearing is unplanned or
mistimed
What is involuntary childlessness? - Answer- when someone would like to have children
but cannot due to medical, economic or personal reasons
What is a total fertility rate? - Answer- The average number of children a woman will
have throughout her childbearing years.
What are the changes in preconditions to parenthood? - Answer- people are making
decisions based on how well they can provide security for their children and are
influenced by how parenthood has become a project, stretched out life stages and the
misalignment between feeling ready and being able to have kids
How prevalent is non-marital childbearing - Answer- it is most common among young,
single people and unmarried couples, 43% of children worldwide are born outside of a
marriage
What is the prevalence of multi partner fertility - Answer- MPF which is having children
with more than one partner is more common now because of the increase in
cohabitation and divorce and non marital childbearing
- in the US 1 in 10 people will experience MPF
What are different types of Assisted reproductive technologies - Answer- IVF, egg
freezing artificial insemination, surrogacy
What is adoption? - Answer- the legal and permanent transfer of parental rights from a
person/couple to another person/couple
How common is adoption in Canada? - Answer- 2% of Canadians have at least one
adopted child
, In which countries is adoption most common? - Answer- US, Italy, Spain, France and
Canada
In which demographics in childlessness the most common? - Answer- highly educated
women and less educated men
Why is childlessness so prevalent in Japan? - Answer- - non marital childbearing is not
an option
- rigid gender expectations for women
- rigid motherhood expectations (pressure to devote 100% of self to children
- long work hours
- economic insecurity
- more single people
What are the consequences on childlessness? - Answer- - rising inequalities between
who becomes a parents
- how to address the issue of an aging population and provide support for childless
people
What are common reasons for abortion? - Answer- - not being financially preapred
- the timing not being right
- bad partner relationships
- needing to focus on children one already has
- not being emotionally ready
- not being able to provide a good life for the child
- medical reasons
What is cohabitation? - Answer- an arrangement where parents who are not married
live together
What are micro level explanations for why cohabitation happens? - Answer- a belief that
it is better to live together before marriage, marriage is expensive, it is easier to breakup
when unmarried
What are macro level explanations for why cohabitation happens? - Answer- a general
trend towards secularization and individualizations in society, legal barriers that exist for
same-sex couples and widespread economic uncertainty and employment precocity
making marriage less of an importance
what is a common-law union? - Answer- a cohabitation relationship where couples are
not formally married but do have some legal rights and obligation to each other due to
the length of time they have been together
what are the different types of common law unions? - Answer- 1. unmarried couples
who have lived together in a "marriage-like" relationships for a continuous period of
more than 2 years
