Advanced Cardiovascular Review - Anatomy, Hypertension Pathophysiology & Pharmacology, - 4th-Year Medical Student Level - Clinical 85 Q&A Set

Advanced Cardiovascular Review - Anatomy, Hypertension Pathophysiology & Pharmacology, - 4th-Year Medical Student Level - Clinical 85 Q&A Set Anatomy 1. Q: What are the layers of the heart wall? A: The heart wall consists of three layers: the epicardium (outer layer), myocardium (muscular middle layer responsible for contraction), and endocardium (inner lining). 2. Q: Describe the flow of blood through the heart chambers. 3. A: Blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, from where it is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, flows into the left ventricle, and is then pumped to the body through the aorta. Q: Which valves prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria? A: The atrioventricular (AV) valves - the tricuspid valve on the right and the mitral (bicuspid) valve on the left side.