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Standard American English contains about _____ basic
phonemes, although differences in regional pronunciation
and dialect can generate more. - Answer-42
One would expect that since there are 26 letters in the
alphabet that there would be only _____ phonemes. -
Answer-26
Phoneme isolation - Answer-—recognizing the individual
sounds in words. For example, "Tell me the first sound you
hear in the word top (/t/)."
Phoneme identity— - Answer-recognizing the common
sound in different words. For example, "Tell me the sound
that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)."
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Phoneme substitution— - Answer-turning one word into
another by substituting one phoneme for another.
Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds
(top-mop), middle sounds (top-tap) or ending sounds (top-
tot).
Oral segmenting— - Answer-identifying the individual
sounds of a word. For example, knowing that the word top
is composed of the phonemes /t/, /o/, and /p/.
Oral blending— - Answer-being able to blend phonemes
into words. For example, if the teacher says the phonemes
/t/, /o/, /p/, the children respond with the word top.
Phoneme deletion— - Answer-being able to identify a
sound that has been deleted from a word. For example,
the teacher says the word top and asks the children to
repeat it. Then he or she instructs the children to repeat
the word without a sound.
_____ _____ _____ is a term used to characterize the
knowledge that emergent readers have about how printed
language works and how print can be used to represent
language. - Answer-Concepts of print
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Concepts of print are fundamental understandings
important to becoming literate and include literacy
conventions such as - Answer-Holding a book the right
way
Turning the pages from right to left
Knowing where to begin reading on a page
Moving one's eyes from left to right and then to going back
to the beginning of the next line down
Knowing that pages are read from top to bottom
Understanding that books have a front and back
Teachers can promote emergent literacy skills when they:
- Answer-Model what readers do when they read a text
aloud.
Point to words as they read.
Explain what the punctuation is for.
Encourage students to take part in the reading activity
(pointing to the words, or turning the pages).
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_____ _____ _____, the idea that written letters and letter
patterns can be used to represent speech sounds. -
Answer-the alphabetic principle
Learn letter names. - Answer-Children learn letter names
by singing songs and by reciting rhymes. They also learn
letter names as they see them in their own names, in the
names of family members, and in familiar contexts such as
signs, t-shirts, cereal boxes, television commercials, and
other environmental print.
Learn letter shapes. - Answer-Children learn letter shapes
as they play with blocks, plastic letters, alphabet books,
and computer games.
Learn letter sounds. - Answer-Children best learn the
sounds letters represent (individual phonemes) in
relationship to letters. Activities that ask children to
segment beginning sounds can be played with puppets, I
Spy riddles, or identifying objects that have certain
beginning sounds. Teachers typically exaggerate
beginning letter sounds and ask students to listen for and
mimic those sounds. Follow up activities ask children to
match letter sounds to pictures.