WGU D203 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY CERTIFICATION SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Diaphragm.
Answer: a large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that allows breathing
to occur when it alternately contracts and relaxes
◍ external ear.
Answer: outer structure of the ear
◍ urethra.
Answer: carries urine out of the body from the bladder
◍ Alveoli.
Answer: the tiny sacs in the lungs where pulmonary gas exchange takes
place
◍ Examples of the long bone.
Answer: Humerus (upper arm); femur (thigh); clavicle (collarbone); radius
(forearm); ulna (forearm); phalanges (fingers and toes); tibia (lower leg);
fibula (lower leg
◍ viruses.
Answer: Nonliving particles that reproduce by taking over living cells (ex:
common cold -rhinovirus)
◍ Larynx.
Answer: Connects the pharynx to the trachea. It helps conduct air through
the upper respiratory tract. The larynx is also called the voice box because it
contains the vocal cords
,◍ Macrophages.
Answer: a type of monocyte (white blood cell) found in body tissue that
destroys damaged red blood cells, bacteria, or viruses
◍ Schwann cells (PNS).
Answer: Make myelin to insulate axons in the PNS
◍ how lymph moves throughout the lymphatic vessels.
Answer: Lymph moves through vessels via muscle contractions and valves
that prevent backflow
◍ pulmonary valve.
Answer: the exit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (Letter-C)
◍ Chemoreceptors.
Answer: respond to chemicals (taste/smell)
◍ prostate.
Answer: gland that surrounds the urethra
◍ aorta.
Answer: the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the
circulatory system
◍ relationship between hormones and target cells.
Answer: Hormones only control target cells
◍ axial muscles.
Answer: located in the head, neck, trunk
◍ Sarcomere.
Answer: controls muscle movement: helps muscles contract and relax
◍ ventilation (breathing).
Answer: process of inhalation and exhalation
◍ cardiac cycle.
Answer: describes the heart's function from the end of one heartbeat to the
beginning of the next. (It has two phases: diastole, and systole)
,◍ dermis.
Answer: Inner layer of skin
◍ Blood pressure.
Answer: How hard your heart works to pump blood throughout your body,
the measure of the force that blood exerts on the walls of arteries.
◍ Trachea.
Answer: Also known as the windpipe and it connects the larynx to the
bronchi. Prevents larger foreign materials, including food, from traveling
through the respiratory tract. Contains mucus that filters the air particles that
you breathe in, keeping those particles out of your lungs. Regulates the
temperature of the air you breathe.
◍ inferior vena cava.
Answer: a vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body directly
to the right atrium
◍ secretion.
Answer: transport that occurs in the nephron and is responsible for the
movement of certain molecules out of the blood and into the urine
◍ Anti-diuretic hormone function.
Answer: causes the kidneys to conserve water by producing more
concentrated urine, allowing more water to be reabsorbed by the body
◍ action potential.
Answer: electrical signals traveling down the axon
◍ Venules.
Answer: Smallest veins which receive blood from capillaries and transport it
to larger veins.
◍ cardiac muscle function.
Answer: allows blood to pump through the circulatory system
◍ how the body regulates glucose.
Answer: Glucose is a sugar created from food and used as energy in the
, body
◍ penis.
Answer: Male reproductive organ
◍ main function of the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: to connect the CNS to the rest of the body
◍ systemic circulation.
Answer: supplies oxygenated blood from the heart to your body.
◍ monocyte.
Answer: turns into macrophages
◍ white blood cells (leukocytes).
Answer: play a role in immune system and helps fight off infections
◍ Motor nerves (PNS).
Answer: transmit information from the CNS to muscles, organs, and glands
◍ sperm.
Answer: Male sex cell
◍ lens.
Answer: Focuses light on the retina
◍ bicuspid valve (mitral valve).
Answer: allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
(Letter-D)
◍ Ventilation.
Answer: Breathing
◍ Short bones.
Answer: equal in width and length
◍ Systole.
Answer: When atrioventricular valves, tricuspid and bicuspid, are closed and
blood is pumped from the ventricles to the lungs and the rest of your body.
The pulmonary semilunar valves and aortic semilunar valves are open.
AND PHYSIOLOGY CERTIFICATION SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Diaphragm.
Answer: a large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that allows breathing
to occur when it alternately contracts and relaxes
◍ external ear.
Answer: outer structure of the ear
◍ urethra.
Answer: carries urine out of the body from the bladder
◍ Alveoli.
Answer: the tiny sacs in the lungs where pulmonary gas exchange takes
place
◍ Examples of the long bone.
Answer: Humerus (upper arm); femur (thigh); clavicle (collarbone); radius
(forearm); ulna (forearm); phalanges (fingers and toes); tibia (lower leg);
fibula (lower leg
◍ viruses.
Answer: Nonliving particles that reproduce by taking over living cells (ex:
common cold -rhinovirus)
◍ Larynx.
Answer: Connects the pharynx to the trachea. It helps conduct air through
the upper respiratory tract. The larynx is also called the voice box because it
contains the vocal cords
,◍ Macrophages.
Answer: a type of monocyte (white blood cell) found in body tissue that
destroys damaged red blood cells, bacteria, or viruses
◍ Schwann cells (PNS).
Answer: Make myelin to insulate axons in the PNS
◍ how lymph moves throughout the lymphatic vessels.
Answer: Lymph moves through vessels via muscle contractions and valves
that prevent backflow
◍ pulmonary valve.
Answer: the exit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (Letter-C)
◍ Chemoreceptors.
Answer: respond to chemicals (taste/smell)
◍ prostate.
Answer: gland that surrounds the urethra
◍ aorta.
Answer: the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the
circulatory system
◍ relationship between hormones and target cells.
Answer: Hormones only control target cells
◍ axial muscles.
Answer: located in the head, neck, trunk
◍ Sarcomere.
Answer: controls muscle movement: helps muscles contract and relax
◍ ventilation (breathing).
Answer: process of inhalation and exhalation
◍ cardiac cycle.
Answer: describes the heart's function from the end of one heartbeat to the
beginning of the next. (It has two phases: diastole, and systole)
,◍ dermis.
Answer: Inner layer of skin
◍ Blood pressure.
Answer: How hard your heart works to pump blood throughout your body,
the measure of the force that blood exerts on the walls of arteries.
◍ Trachea.
Answer: Also known as the windpipe and it connects the larynx to the
bronchi. Prevents larger foreign materials, including food, from traveling
through the respiratory tract. Contains mucus that filters the air particles that
you breathe in, keeping those particles out of your lungs. Regulates the
temperature of the air you breathe.
◍ inferior vena cava.
Answer: a vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body directly
to the right atrium
◍ secretion.
Answer: transport that occurs in the nephron and is responsible for the
movement of certain molecules out of the blood and into the urine
◍ Anti-diuretic hormone function.
Answer: causes the kidneys to conserve water by producing more
concentrated urine, allowing more water to be reabsorbed by the body
◍ action potential.
Answer: electrical signals traveling down the axon
◍ Venules.
Answer: Smallest veins which receive blood from capillaries and transport it
to larger veins.
◍ cardiac muscle function.
Answer: allows blood to pump through the circulatory system
◍ how the body regulates glucose.
Answer: Glucose is a sugar created from food and used as energy in the
, body
◍ penis.
Answer: Male reproductive organ
◍ main function of the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: to connect the CNS to the rest of the body
◍ systemic circulation.
Answer: supplies oxygenated blood from the heart to your body.
◍ monocyte.
Answer: turns into macrophages
◍ white blood cells (leukocytes).
Answer: play a role in immune system and helps fight off infections
◍ Motor nerves (PNS).
Answer: transmit information from the CNS to muscles, organs, and glands
◍ sperm.
Answer: Male sex cell
◍ lens.
Answer: Focuses light on the retina
◍ bicuspid valve (mitral valve).
Answer: allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
(Letter-D)
◍ Ventilation.
Answer: Breathing
◍ Short bones.
Answer: equal in width and length
◍ Systole.
Answer: When atrioventricular valves, tricuspid and bicuspid, are closed and
blood is pumped from the ventricles to the lungs and the rest of your body.
The pulmonary semilunar valves and aortic semilunar valves are open.
