TEST BANK For Business Data Communications and Networking, 14th Edition by FitzGerald, Dennis, Durcikova | Verified Chapter's 1 - 12||Newest Version

0123456789 515718250820125145




885
51
5355
9546789 #51185$%6&'(
4!1421488"14!872914!4 5 )155*

, 0123456789 515718250820125145







!"

#$%&
'#"
#(
#))%"'&
'#"*
+
%
,-.*
/%
*
'#"*
012345665789:3;<23=5>>8?6230<@2AB;6>23C@2>D859>345<3D2>D>E30123>D;D2F29D38>3:8G293;9H3D123;9>72<
8>3=<5G8H2H3893>C@;<23?<;IJ2D>E3012362G263543H8448I@6DK3L2;>KM3F5H2<;D2M3H8448I@6DN3;9H3D123=;:2
9@F?2<L>N3<262G;9D3D53D123D5=8I3;<23;6>534@<98>12HE
OE PII5<H89:3D53Q5193R1;F?2<>M3RST3543R8>I53L;362;H89:392D75<J89:3D2I19565:K3I5F=;9KNM3
D1238945<F;D8593;:238>3D123>2I59H3U9H@>D<8;63V2G56@D859E
W"*X

Y+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\]*[ ^
Z


"&
\_`
aE b@23D53<2I29D3;HG;9I2>389318:13>=22H3I5FF@98I;D859392D75<J>M3D1238945<F;D85936;:M35<3D123
D8F238D3D;J2>345<38945<F;D8593D53?23H8>>2F89;D2H3;<5@9H3D12375<6HM31;>3?2293>8:9848I;9D6K3
>15<D292HE
W"*X

Y+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\]*[ ^
Z


"&
\_`
cE T923=2<>=2ID8G23543H;D;3I5FF@98I;D859>3;9H392D75<J89:3;>3>D;D2H3893D123D2dD?55JM32d;F892>3
D123F;9;:2F29D354392D75<J89:3D2I19565:82>M389I6@H89:3>2I@<8DKM392D75<J3H2>8:9M3;9H3
F;9;:89:3D12392D75<J3593;3H;KeD5eH;K3?;>8>3;9H3659:3D2<F3?;>8>E
33
W"*X

Y+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\f#$



^
Z


"&
\_g
hE 012348<>D3262ID<598I3H;D;3I5FF@98I;D8593>K>D2F37;>3D123D262=15923H2G265=2H3?K3P62d;9H2<3
i<;1;F3j266E3
W"*X

Y-.*
('ZZ'&%.
[\]*[ ^
Z


"&
\_g
kE 012348<>D3D<;9>I59D8929D;63D262=15923>2<G8I237;>32>D;?68>12H3893D123Olhm>E
3
W"*X

Y-.*
('ZZ'&%.
[\]*[ ^
Z


"&
\_n
oE P93U9D2<eSdI1;9:23R;<<82<3LUpRN3=<5G8H2>3596K365I;63D262=15923>2<G8I2>3D5315F2>3;9H3
?@>892>>2>E
W"*X

Y-.*
('ZZ'&%.
[\]*[ ^
Z


"&
\_n
qE R5FF593I;<<82<>389I6@H23D123VjTR>M3UpR>M3;9H3R;?6230r3I5F=;982>E
W"*X

Y+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\f#$



^
Z


"&
\_s
tE 01230262I5FF@98I;D859>3PID3543Ollo39573=2<F8D>3D123VjTR>3D53=<5G8H23659:3H8>D;9I23
5@D>8H23D123<2:8593893718I13D12K3=<5G8H2365I;63D262=15923>2<G8I2>E
W"*X

\+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\f#$



^
Z


"&
\_s
lE 0123U9D2<92D37;>3>D;<D2H3?K3D123uEvE3b2=;<DF29D3543H2429>23893Olol3;>3;392D75<J354345@<3
I5F=@D2<>3I;662H3PVwPxS0E
W"*X

Y+
%
('ZZ'&%.
[\f#$



^
Z


"&
\_y
OmE 0262I5FF@98I;D859>38>3D123D<;9>F8>>8593543G58I23;9H3G8H253;>372663;>3H;D;3;9H38F=682>3
D<;9>F8DD89:3;3659:2<3H8>D;9I23D1;93893;3H;D;3I5FF@98I;D859392D75<JE
W"*X

Y-.*
('ZZ'&%.
[\f#$



^
Z


"&
\_




z8{85|}~515355€‚9546789 51185†‡6ˆ‰Š
z4ƒ14|21488„14ƒ872914ƒ4‚5 ‹155Œ

, 0123456789 515718250820125145



 



!"!#$
%&'()

""!
#*
#+!'(*",-(*


#!,.",.//!!"#!*#
!
+

#+!",#
$.,!!"!#$
%*."*0"/
12#
231.
!*
456789:;<=>68 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;LM
N "."#"!#.*'(#+#O*!*P"#!"!##!
+"


Q.!*",.*0OR
.

ST.
R
!#
0!
0
!

O#*.,!
/#+!
Q".U#.
"
456789:;<=>68 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;LV
2 
1"O/
#O!1SQ.T!

!**#

!#."0
#.
"*
/.#*"!#$
%#
*
1!
/.#**O00
.!*
T.P"#!"!#W+.*.*"!X10
!
/"YX#"!#
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;LV
[ W+!\]P1
,!
.*#+!1
*#$.,!
SO*!,"!#$
%1
,!
#
,!T!

0",RO.
,"!#$
%*#
,S
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;L^
_ W+!"!#$
%
S!.*!*0
"*.R
!/

O#."Q1!**Q!*/
1#+!*
O
!

10O#!#
#+!
,!*#."#.
"

10O#!
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:`=6E I8A8985B8:;JK;La
b P"#+!\]P1
,!
c#+!00
.
#.
"
S!.*#+!!",O*!d*

!**#
#+!"!#$
%
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;Le
f W+!00
.
#.
"
S!.*#+!*!T!"#+
S!
/#+!P"#!"!#1
,!
",0
T.,!*#+!!",O*!d*


!**#
#+!"!#$
%
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;Le
g ##+!#"*0
#
S!."#+!P"#!"!#1
,!
cWhi.*!*0
"*.R
!/
R!%."Q
Q!/.
!*
!
!.T!,/
1#+!00
.
#.
"
S!."#
*1

!0
%!#*",
0!"."Q

""!
#.
"#
*!T!
/
#"*/! ."Q#+!0
%!#*
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:;?@AA@BC>D; I8A8985B8:;JK;La
j Y#+!"!#.*"!X10
!
/"!#$
%
S!0
#




456789:;<=>68 ?@AA@BC>DE:`=6E I8A8985B8:;JK;La
N3 k#

11O".
#.
"*#",,*!"R
!!
+
S!."#+!*!",."Q

10O#!#


11O".
#!
$.#+.#*

!*0
",."Q
S!."#+!!
!.T."Q

10O#!
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:;`=6E I8A8985B8:;JK;ll
N W+!*0!
./.
#.
"*#Q!
/#+!/
1
*#",,.U#.
"0

!**

"*.*#*
/,!T!

0."Q
"
1!"

#O!",.,!"#./S."Q#+!0
R
!1*#
R!,,!**!,
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:;FGH89=D8 I8A8985B8:;JK;lM
NN (]P.*T
#."Q0#.
.0"#."#+!P]\
456789:;Z9C8 ?@AA@BC>DE:;`=6E I8A8985B8:;JK;lM
N2 i**.T!
0#.

"!#$
%."Qc%!S#!",/
#+!/O#O!c1!"*#+#T.#O

S"S

10O#!$.


R!R
!#


11O".
#!$.#+"S
#+!

10O#!."#+!$

,
456789:;<=>68;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;?@AA@BC>DE:;FGH89=D8;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;I8A8985B8:;JK;l^




m8n85opq51r5355stu9546789 x51185yz6{|}
m4v14o21488w14v872914v4u5 ~155

, 0123456789 515718250820125145



 





!"#$%$&

'
()'
*
#&+
,


-.**)#-"&.#+
#

$+/
0.'
1$
.

"1

+2.%
$
&+

#&
'"&.#
#&.
-.*3)&
'
#
&%.'4+
56789:;<=:>9<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?@AA@B>CDE;<FGH9:ID9<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<J9A9:96B9;<KL<MN
O P#
P332-"&.#
Q
'1-

R'.1$
'
,PQR/
$
1
2.3+
"
+3
-0-
+S+&
*
"#$
-.*3"#
+
3)'-
"+


.'
'
#&
&


+
'1-

%&
.)&
#+&"22#
&


+S+&
*
.#
&

'
.%#
-.*3)&
'+
56789:;<=:>9<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?@AA@B>CDE;<FGH9:ID9<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<J9A9:96B9;<KL<MT

UVWXYZW[\]^_Y][



0.22.%#
"'

3.++!2

*)2&32
`-
.-

()
+&.#+
0.'
&
+&+



()
+&.#
+
3.+
$
"#$
&


"#+%
'
+
3'.1$
$
)#$
'
&


-
.-
+



2
1
2
.0
$00-)2&S
,
"+Sa
*.$
'"&
a
$00-)2&/
"#$
&


3"

#)*!
',+/
'
2
1"#&
&.
&


&.3-
+
"2+.
0)'#+

$
b c"&"
-.**)#-"&.#+
"#$
#
&%.'4#
-"#
!

-.#+$
'
$
"+
"
2.!"2
"'
"
.0
+&)$S
!
-")+
d
"#
%
&
-
#.2.
+
"#$
"332-"&.#+

*
'

0'.*
"
1"'
&S
.0
-.)#&'
+
"#$
+3'
"$
"'.)#$
&


%.'2$
!&


&
-
#.2.
+

#"!2

2.!"2
-.**)#-"&.#
-&


3.2&-"2
"#$
'
)2"&.'S
++)
+
"'


e"-&2S
&


+"*

#

1
'S
-.)#&'S


$"
"#$
!

#.#

.0
&


"!.1

56789:;<? ?@AA@B>CDE;<fI7E< J9A9:96B9;<KL<g
 h#
bijka
"
4
S
$
-+.#
'
"'$#
lmhd



"+
&
)3
&



2
-.**)#-"&.#+
m.*3
&&.#
"#$
c
'
)2"&.#
P-&
!3
'*&&
$
lmh
&.
3'.1$

2*&
$
2.#
$+&"#-

+
'1-

#
&


nQ
-3
'*&&
$
&
2
3
.#

"#$o.'
-.*3)&
'

()3*
#&
&
"&
%"+
#.&
*"#)0"-&)'
$
!S
p
22

2
3
.#

&.
!

-.##
-&
$
&.
Pqr+
#
&%.'4

$$1$
$
Pq
#&.
&%.
3"'&+d
.#

3"'&
0.'
2.#
$+&"#-

+
'1-
a
"#$
"
+
-.#$
3"'&a
-.*3'+
$
.0
+
1
#
.3
'"&#
-.*3"#
+a
0.'
2.-"2
&
2
3
.#

+
'1-


+
&
)3
$
'
)2"&.#
0.'
#&
'#"&.#"2
&
2
-.**)#-"&.#+
*"'4
&+
#
st
-.)#&'
+

56789:;<u <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?@AA@B>CDE;<fI7E< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<J9A9:96B9;<KL<v
w h#
bita
"
0
$
'"2
x)$

!'.4

)3
"


2S
-.#&
+&
$
&
2
3
.#

+
'1-

*.#.3.2S
"#$d



"+
&
)3
&



2
-.**)#-"&.#+
m.*3
&&.#
"#$
c
'
)2"&.#
P-&
!3
'*&&
$
lmh
&.
3'.1$

2*&
$
2.#
$+&"#-

+
'1-

#
&


nQ
-3
'*&&
$
&
2
3
.#

"#$o.'
-.*3)&
'

()3*
#&
&
"&
%"+
#.&
*"#)0"-&)'
$
!S
p
22

2
3
.#

&.
!

-.##
-&
$
&.
Pqr+
#
&%.'4

$$1$
$
Pq
#&.
&%.
3"'&+d
.#

3"'&
0.'
2.#
$+&"#-

+
'1-
a
"#$
"
+
-.#$
3"'&a
-.*3'+
$
.0
+
1
#
'
.#"2
.3
'"&#
-.*3"#
+a
0.'
2.-"2
&
2
3
.#

+
'1-


+
&
)3
$
'
)2"&.#
0.'
#&
'#"&.#"2
&
2
-.**)#-"&.#+
*"'4
&+
#
st
-.)#&'
+

56789:;<? <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?@AA@B>CDE;<fI7E< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<J9A9:96B9;<KL<v




y8z85{|}51~5355€9546789 „51185 †6‡ˆ‰
y4‚14{21488ƒ14‚872914‚45 Š155‹