ONS CHEMOTHERAPY & BIOLOGY
THERAPY COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK
2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
●● neoadjuvant therapy is common in..... Answer: breast and colon
cancers
●● adjuvant therapy. Answer: Chemo AFTER primary treatment
(surgery or radiation) (common in solid tumor)
●● induction. Answer: initial phase of hematologic malignancies such as
leukemia
usually in the hospital b/c of serious SE and potential complications
from the intended myelosuppresion. Goal is to achieve complete
response
●● why do consolidation (after induction)?. Answer: to ensure treatment
takes effect and ↓ reoccurrence. Treatment is vital bc leukemic cells that
are not clinically apparent (via CBC, BMB) are almost always still
present in the bone marrow
●● what is myeloablation. Answer: bone marrow is obliterated by
chemo or radiation
, ●● why do myeloablation. Answer: to prepare for peripheral blood stem
cell transplant or bone marrow transplant
●● myeloablation is often used to treat. Answer: blood malignancies
such as leukemia or lymphoma
●● True/False - combination therapy has been shown to increase
survival over monotherapy. Answer: TRUE, but MOA is not fully
understood (Olsen, 2019)
●● reasons combo chemo therapy thought to work better. Answer: 1 - ↓
likelihood of drug resistance bc diff MOA in diff drugs
2 - cancer cells usually heterogeneous; diff MOA of chemos ↑amount of
cancer cells killed at one time
3 - multiple chemos provide synergistic effect (one drug helps another
work better) [leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil treating colon cancer]
[leucovorin increases deadly effect that 5-fluorouracil has on cancer;
cytotoxicity is potentiated]
●● how to measure response to treatment. Answer: - surgical
exam/visual inspection
- imaging (CT, PET)
- serum biomarkers (e.g. CA 15-3 for breast cancer)
THERAPY COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK
2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
●● neoadjuvant therapy is common in..... Answer: breast and colon
cancers
●● adjuvant therapy. Answer: Chemo AFTER primary treatment
(surgery or radiation) (common in solid tumor)
●● induction. Answer: initial phase of hematologic malignancies such as
leukemia
usually in the hospital b/c of serious SE and potential complications
from the intended myelosuppresion. Goal is to achieve complete
response
●● why do consolidation (after induction)?. Answer: to ensure treatment
takes effect and ↓ reoccurrence. Treatment is vital bc leukemic cells that
are not clinically apparent (via CBC, BMB) are almost always still
present in the bone marrow
●● what is myeloablation. Answer: bone marrow is obliterated by
chemo or radiation
, ●● why do myeloablation. Answer: to prepare for peripheral blood stem
cell transplant or bone marrow transplant
●● myeloablation is often used to treat. Answer: blood malignancies
such as leukemia or lymphoma
●● True/False - combination therapy has been shown to increase
survival over monotherapy. Answer: TRUE, but MOA is not fully
understood (Olsen, 2019)
●● reasons combo chemo therapy thought to work better. Answer: 1 - ↓
likelihood of drug resistance bc diff MOA in diff drugs
2 - cancer cells usually heterogeneous; diff MOA of chemos ↑amount of
cancer cells killed at one time
3 - multiple chemos provide synergistic effect (one drug helps another
work better) [leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil treating colon cancer]
[leucovorin increases deadly effect that 5-fluorouracil has on cancer;
cytotoxicity is potentiated]
●● how to measure response to treatment. Answer: - surgical
exam/visual inspection
- imaging (CT, PET)
- serum biomarkers (e.g. CA 15-3 for breast cancer)
