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Refined - ANSWERS-refers to foods that have undergone processing that changes or
removes various components of the original food
unrefined - ANSWERS-foods eaten either just as they are found in nature or with only
minimal processing, such as cooking
insoluble fiber - ANSWERS-does not dissolve in water and is less readily broken down
by bacteria in the large intestine
- includes cellulose, some hemicelluloses, and lignin
-adds bulk to fecal matter
mouth, small intestine - ANSWERS-carb digestion begins in the _______, but most
digestion and breakdown occurs in the __________
lactose intolerance - ANSWERS-inability to completely digest lactose due to a reduction
in the enzyme lactase
resistant starch - ANSWERS-starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of
healthy people
, -ex) legumes, bananas, rice, pasta
portal circulation, liver - ANSWERS-after a meal, monosaccharides from carb digestion
enter the ______ _________ and travel to the ________
liver glycogen - ANSWERS-glucose can be used to provide energy stored as ______
_______, or delivered via the general blood circulation toe other body tissues causing
______ _______ levels to rise.
glycemic response - ANSWERS-rate, magnitude, and duration of the rise in blood
glucose that occurs after food is consumed
sugar sweetened beverages - ANSWERS-Dietary guidelines specifically recommend
reducing intake of ___________?
6 oz grains, 2 cups fruit. 2.5 cups of vegetables - ANSWERS-My plate
recommendations for fruit, grains, and vegetables
whole- grain product - ANSWERS-entire kernel: bran, germ, and endosperm
endosperm - ANSWERS-which part of the grain kernel do refined grains contain
enrichment - ANSWERS-addition to the food of specific amounts of nutrients to replace
those lost during processing
iron, riboflavin, niacin, thaimin - ANSWERS-list 4 commonly enriched nutrients
refined sugar - ANSWERS-sugars added to food during processing and account for
almost 15% of calories consumed in typical American diet
15 - ANSWERS-% of calories eaten by added sugars in typical American diet