A & P Exam 2 Review
🧴 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)
1. What are the 3 layers of the skin?
• Epidermis (outer protection)
• Dermis (structure, sensation, glands)
• Hypodermis (insulation, cushioning, fat storage)
2. Which cells make melanin and why is it important?
• Melanocytes (basal layer of epidermis)
• Protects DNA from UV radiation
3. Name 5 structures in the dermis.
• Blood vessels
• Nerve endings
• Hair follicles
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
4. What is the function of sebaceous glands?
• Secrete sebum (oil)
• Moisturizes skin, waterproofs, antibacterial
5. What are the 3 parts of hair?
, • Shaft (above skin)
• Root (below skin)
• Bulb (growth region)
6. What part of the nail causes nail growth?
• Nail matrix
7. Where are arrector pili muscles located and attached?
• Located in dermis
• Attached to hair follicles
• Cause goosebumps
8. Name two types of sweat glands.
• Eccrine (cooling)
• Apocrine (scent)
9. What sensory receptors are in the skin and what do they detect?
• Meissner’s corpuscles – light touch
• Pacinian corpuscles – pressure/vibration
• Free nerve endings – pain & temperature
10. What happens to blood vessels when hot?
• Vasodilation (releases heat)
11. What protein gives skin strength and waterproofing?
, • Keratin
12. How does skin act as part of the immune system?
• Physical barrier
• Acidic pH
• Langerhans cells detect pathogens
13. Two functions of the hypodermis.
• Insulation
• Shock absorption
❤️ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
14. Name the four chambers of the heart.
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle
15. What is the difference between AV and semilunar valves?
• AV valves: atria → ventricles
• Semilunar valves: ventricles → arteries
16. Name each valve.
• AV: Tricuspid, Mitral (Bicuspid)
🧴 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)
1. What are the 3 layers of the skin?
• Epidermis (outer protection)
• Dermis (structure, sensation, glands)
• Hypodermis (insulation, cushioning, fat storage)
2. Which cells make melanin and why is it important?
• Melanocytes (basal layer of epidermis)
• Protects DNA from UV radiation
3. Name 5 structures in the dermis.
• Blood vessels
• Nerve endings
• Hair follicles
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
4. What is the function of sebaceous glands?
• Secrete sebum (oil)
• Moisturizes skin, waterproofs, antibacterial
5. What are the 3 parts of hair?
, • Shaft (above skin)
• Root (below skin)
• Bulb (growth region)
6. What part of the nail causes nail growth?
• Nail matrix
7. Where are arrector pili muscles located and attached?
• Located in dermis
• Attached to hair follicles
• Cause goosebumps
8. Name two types of sweat glands.
• Eccrine (cooling)
• Apocrine (scent)
9. What sensory receptors are in the skin and what do they detect?
• Meissner’s corpuscles – light touch
• Pacinian corpuscles – pressure/vibration
• Free nerve endings – pain & temperature
10. What happens to blood vessels when hot?
• Vasodilation (releases heat)
11. What protein gives skin strength and waterproofing?
, • Keratin
12. How does skin act as part of the immune system?
• Physical barrier
• Acidic pH
• Langerhans cells detect pathogens
13. Two functions of the hypodermis.
• Insulation
• Shock absorption
❤️ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
14. Name the four chambers of the heart.
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle
15. What is the difference between AV and semilunar valves?
• AV valves: atria → ventricles
• Semilunar valves: ventricles → arteries
16. Name each valve.
• AV: Tricuspid, Mitral (Bicuspid)
