NR507 NP Midterm Study Guide | Actual verified study complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct

NR507 NP Midterm Study Guide | Actual verified study complete
Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct


NR507 NP Midterm Study Guide

Hypersensitivity Type I: o Allergic reaction- immediate response- think
HIVES o Mediated by IgE
o Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
o Itching, rash, wheezing- atopic dermatitis- widely distributed lesions
o The most dangerous form is anaphylaxis that causes severe bronchoconstriction
o Treatment: epinephrine
• Hypersensitivity Type II:
o Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific o Antibody binds to the antigen on
the cell surface o Macrophages are the primary effector cell involved
o Mediated by IgG or IgM
o Can cause tissue damage or alter function o Graves disease
(hyperthyroidism)
o Incompatible blood type- severe transfusion reaction occurs and the
erythrocytes are destroyed.
• Hypersensitivity type III:
o Not organ specific
o The antibody bind to soluble agent outside the cell surface and then the
complex is deposited in the tissues
o Serum sickness, Raynaud’s
o RA/SLE
 SLE: facial/malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral or
nasopharyngeal ulcers, hematologic disorders like anemia and
thrombocytopenia, arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints, renal disorder,
ANA.
• Alloimmunity:
o General term used to describe when an individual’s immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species.
 Transplant rejection
 Transfusion reaction
 Neonatal disease  Hypersensitivity Type IV: o Delayed
response o Allergic contact dermatitis o Is T-cell mediated
o Contact dermatitis consists of lesions only at the site of contact with the
allergen. Think poison ivy- can be delayed several days

, o


o Treatment: topical corticosteroids  Primary immunodeficiency:
The result of single gene defects o B-lymphocyte deficiency is one of
the most severe forms Secondary immunodeficiency:
o Complication of some other condition or disease o Malnutrition is one of
the most common worldwide o A patient with HIV gets pneumocystis
carinii.
• MISC:
o Neutrophils are first responders of the innate immune system o Urticaria is
caused by eosinophilia
o T cells, B cells and autoantibodies are involved in autoimmune diseases
Hematology  Iron
deficiency anemia: o Ferritin: decreased o RBC width:
increased o Serum iron: decreased o Total iron binding
capacity: increased o Microcytic/hypochromic anemia o Most
common type of anemia in the world.
o Insufficient siron levels or inability for the mitochondria to utilize iron
effectively leads to decreased hemoglobin synthesis and the formation of
smaller, paler cells.
• Thalassemia:
o Ferritin: increased o RBC width: normal to increased o Serum iron: normal
to increased o Total iron binding: normal
o Inherited blood disorder that causes decreased circulating hemoglobin
o Many possible genetic mutations
• Anemia of Chronic Disease o Ferritin: normal to increased o RBC width: normal o
Serum iron: normal to decreased o Total iron binding: slightly decreased
• Sideroblastic anemia: o Ferritin: normal to increased o RBC width: increased o
Serum iron: normal to increased o Total iron binding: normal
• Sickle Cell Anemia:
o Caused by a mutation in the HBB gene that leads to the production of
abnormal hemoglobin o Autosomal recessive disorder
Both parents must contribute an abnormal gene for a child to have the
disorder Aplastic anemia: o Diagnosis made by blood test and bone marrow biopsy
o Caused by radiation or chemical exposure. Can be a side effect of chemo or viral
induced like hepatitis or Epstein-Barr.
o Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are diminished
 Granulocyte count less than 500
 Platelet count less than 20,000
 Reticulocyte count less than or equal to 40 x 109