Sarder ASU HCR 240 Exam 1 Review
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |Hyponatremia?
deficiency |of |sodium |in |the |blood
What |is |Hypernatremia?
high |sodium
What |is |Hypokalemia?
A |low |serum |potassium |level.
What |is |Hyperkalemia?
high |potassium
What |is |Hypomagnesemia?
low |magnesium
What |is |Hypermagnesemia?
too |much |magnesium
What |is |Hypocalcemia?
low |calcium |levels |in |the |blood
What |is |Hypercalcemia?
high |calcium
What |is |Hypophosphatemia?
A |low |serum |phosphorus |level.
What |is |Hyperphosphatemia?
too |much |phosphorus
What |can |cause |Hyponatremia?
,Excessive |Sodium |Loss
•GI |losses: |diarrhea, |vomiting, |fistulas, |NG |suction
•Renal |losses: |diuretics, |adrenal |insufficiency, |Na+ |wasting |renal |disease
•Skin |losses: |burns, |wound |drainage
Inadequate |Sodium |Intake
Excessive |Water |Gain |(↓ |sodium |concentration)
•SIADH |(Syndrome |of |inappropriate |antidiuretic |hormone |secretion)
•Heart |failure
•Primary |hypoaldosterone
What |can |cause |Hypernatremia?
Excessive |Sodium |Intake
Inadequate |Water |Intake
Excessive |Water |Loss |(↑ |sodium |concentration)
•Diabetes |insipidus
•Primary |hyperaldosteronism
•Cushing |syndrome
•Uncontrolled |diabetes |mellitus
Diabetic |ketoacidosis
What |can |cause |Hypokalemia?
Chronic |or |acute |diarrhea,
aldosterone |excess
polyuria
non-potassium |sparing |diuretics
GI |losses |(up |or |down)
inadequate |intake
What |can |cause |Hyperkalemia?
Crushing |trauma
chemotherapy
adrenal |insufficiency
acute |renal |failure
What |can |cause |Hypomagnesemia?
GI |tract |fluid |losses |(e.g., |diarrhea, |NG |suction)
•Chronic |alcoholism
•Malabsorption |syndromes
, •Prolonged |malnutrition
•↑ |Urine |output
• |Hyperglycemia
•Proton |pump |inhibitor |therapy
Diarrhea, |laxatives, |malnutrition |(seen |often |in |substance |abuse |patients)
What |can |cause |Hypermagnesemia?
Renal |failure
•IV |administration |of |magnesium, |especially |for |treatment |of |eclampsia
•Tumor |lysis |syndrome
•Hypothyroidism
•Metastatic |bone |disease
•Adrenal |insufficiency
•Antacids, |laxatives
Renal |failure
What |can |cause |Hypocalcemia?
•Primary |hypoparathyroidism
•Renal |insufficiency
•Acute |pancreatitis
•Elevated |phosphorus
•Vitamin |D |deficiency, |malnutrition
•Magnesium |deficiency
•Bisphosphonates
•Tumor |lysis |syndrome
•Loop |diuretics
•Chronic |alcoholism
•Diarrhea
•↓ |Serum |albumin
ETOH |- |alcohol |abuse
What |can |cause |Hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
•Hematologic |malignancy
•Malignancies |with |bone |metastasis
•Prolonged |immobilization
•Vitamin |A |or |D |overdose
•Paget's |disease
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |Hyponatremia?
deficiency |of |sodium |in |the |blood
What |is |Hypernatremia?
high |sodium
What |is |Hypokalemia?
A |low |serum |potassium |level.
What |is |Hyperkalemia?
high |potassium
What |is |Hypomagnesemia?
low |magnesium
What |is |Hypermagnesemia?
too |much |magnesium
What |is |Hypocalcemia?
low |calcium |levels |in |the |blood
What |is |Hypercalcemia?
high |calcium
What |is |Hypophosphatemia?
A |low |serum |phosphorus |level.
What |is |Hyperphosphatemia?
too |much |phosphorus
What |can |cause |Hyponatremia?
,Excessive |Sodium |Loss
•GI |losses: |diarrhea, |vomiting, |fistulas, |NG |suction
•Renal |losses: |diuretics, |adrenal |insufficiency, |Na+ |wasting |renal |disease
•Skin |losses: |burns, |wound |drainage
Inadequate |Sodium |Intake
Excessive |Water |Gain |(↓ |sodium |concentration)
•SIADH |(Syndrome |of |inappropriate |antidiuretic |hormone |secretion)
•Heart |failure
•Primary |hypoaldosterone
What |can |cause |Hypernatremia?
Excessive |Sodium |Intake
Inadequate |Water |Intake
Excessive |Water |Loss |(↑ |sodium |concentration)
•Diabetes |insipidus
•Primary |hyperaldosteronism
•Cushing |syndrome
•Uncontrolled |diabetes |mellitus
Diabetic |ketoacidosis
What |can |cause |Hypokalemia?
Chronic |or |acute |diarrhea,
aldosterone |excess
polyuria
non-potassium |sparing |diuretics
GI |losses |(up |or |down)
inadequate |intake
What |can |cause |Hyperkalemia?
Crushing |trauma
chemotherapy
adrenal |insufficiency
acute |renal |failure
What |can |cause |Hypomagnesemia?
GI |tract |fluid |losses |(e.g., |diarrhea, |NG |suction)
•Chronic |alcoholism
•Malabsorption |syndromes
, •Prolonged |malnutrition
•↑ |Urine |output
• |Hyperglycemia
•Proton |pump |inhibitor |therapy
Diarrhea, |laxatives, |malnutrition |(seen |often |in |substance |abuse |patients)
What |can |cause |Hypermagnesemia?
Renal |failure
•IV |administration |of |magnesium, |especially |for |treatment |of |eclampsia
•Tumor |lysis |syndrome
•Hypothyroidism
•Metastatic |bone |disease
•Adrenal |insufficiency
•Antacids, |laxatives
Renal |failure
What |can |cause |Hypocalcemia?
•Primary |hypoparathyroidism
•Renal |insufficiency
•Acute |pancreatitis
•Elevated |phosphorus
•Vitamin |D |deficiency, |malnutrition
•Magnesium |deficiency
•Bisphosphonates
•Tumor |lysis |syndrome
•Loop |diuretics
•Chronic |alcoholism
•Diarrhea
•↓ |Serum |albumin
ETOH |- |alcohol |abuse
What |can |cause |Hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
•Hematologic |malignancy
•Malignancies |with |bone |metastasis
•Prolonged |immobilization
•Vitamin |A |or |D |overdose
•Paget's |disease
