NURS 615 Pharmacology Exam 4 | Actual study Questions and
verified Answers complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026
Updates | 100% correct
1. What is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) used to treat?
a. Widely used for pts of all ages to tx reversible bronchoconstriction caused by
asthma, reactive airway disease or COPD.
i. Ex are
1. Albuterol – Proair, Ventolin, Proventil,
2. Levalbuterol - Xopenex,
3. Pirbuterol - Maxair,
4. Terbutaline – Brethine
2. What are the adverse effects associated with montelukast (Singulair)? Explain the
adverse effects, considering what a patient would need to know.
a. Singular is a Leukotriene-receptor agonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene
receptor most commonly used for prevention of exerciseinduced
bronchoconstriction in adolescents aged 15 to adults. Alo used for seasonal
allergies age 2 and older. Not used for asthma attacks. Common SE is HE. GI
upset, myalgia, and fever. May also have inc resp inf in pt over 55. Small % also
reported elevated enzymes.
3. What patient teaching should accompany the prescription of montelukast (Singulair)?
a. Pt should be aware of self-monitoring their resp status with a peak flow meter to
determine the effectiveness of the medication and communicate with their PCP.
Pt should stop smoking and avoid environmental triggers.
4. What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids?
a. They are not appropriate for an asthma attack. Should be avoided in cushing
syndrome, ocular herpes, TB, oral or nasal surgery or trauma, or untreated resp
infections. If a pt is using a bronchodialator with the corticosteroids, use bronc
first, wait several minutes then use other.
5. What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
a. This is a selective beta 2 agonist with some minor beta 1 activity. Stimulation of
beta 2 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle leads to vasodilation and a
decrease in diastolic BP, causing and inc HR. also can cause tremors.
6. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
, a. Anti Inflammatory. Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory
cells into the bronchial tissues (late allergic reaction). The exact mechanism of
how they inhibit bronchoconstrictor mechanisms and produce smooth muscle
relaxation is unknown.
b.
7. When is it appropriate to use a SABA?
a. Acute symptomatic relief of all pts with airflow obstruction.
8. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic receptor antagonists?
a. Reduce the vol of sputum without changing viscosity.
9. What are the adverse effects associated with inhaled corticosteroids? Explain the
adverse effects, considering what a patient would need to know.
a. Can cause horesness, tongue and mouth irritation, flushing or rash. Long periods
of use can cause blood glucose and potassium to be monitored. Child growth
also. Rinse mouth after use.
10.What is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used to treat?
a. For pts with uncontrolled asthma that are not controlled with asthma meds. They
should be used with caution. Only use when necessary then stop.
11.What is a long-acting beta-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LABA/LAMA)
combination used to treat?
a. They can treat lung infections, lung hyperinflation, exercise capacity, quality of life
and exacerbation frequency slowing the progression of
COPD.
12.What is the mechanism of action and indication for omalizumab (Xolair)?
a. It inhibits the binding of IgE to the high affinity IgE receptor on the surface of mast
cells and basophils.
Bronchodilators dec constriction
Corticosteroids to help dec inflammation PP
have some notes.
WEEK 13 Chap 14 Resp Drugs Part 2
1. What special populations should not be prescribed pseudoephedrine and why?
a. Pt taking MOAI (contraindicated), not for children under 4, avoid in HTN pt.
2. What drug should be prescribed for a patient with nasal congestion and
hypertension?
a. Chlorpheniramine ( Chlor-trimetron) or Coricidin HBP (anti-histamines).
3. What are the adverse effects of antihistamines? Explain the adverse effects,
considering what a patient would need to know.
verified Answers complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026
Updates | 100% correct
1. What is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) used to treat?
a. Widely used for pts of all ages to tx reversible bronchoconstriction caused by
asthma, reactive airway disease or COPD.
i. Ex are
1. Albuterol – Proair, Ventolin, Proventil,
2. Levalbuterol - Xopenex,
3. Pirbuterol - Maxair,
4. Terbutaline – Brethine
2. What are the adverse effects associated with montelukast (Singulair)? Explain the
adverse effects, considering what a patient would need to know.
a. Singular is a Leukotriene-receptor agonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene
receptor most commonly used for prevention of exerciseinduced
bronchoconstriction in adolescents aged 15 to adults. Alo used for seasonal
allergies age 2 and older. Not used for asthma attacks. Common SE is HE. GI
upset, myalgia, and fever. May also have inc resp inf in pt over 55. Small % also
reported elevated enzymes.
3. What patient teaching should accompany the prescription of montelukast (Singulair)?
a. Pt should be aware of self-monitoring their resp status with a peak flow meter to
determine the effectiveness of the medication and communicate with their PCP.
Pt should stop smoking and avoid environmental triggers.
4. What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids?
a. They are not appropriate for an asthma attack. Should be avoided in cushing
syndrome, ocular herpes, TB, oral or nasal surgery or trauma, or untreated resp
infections. If a pt is using a bronchodialator with the corticosteroids, use bronc
first, wait several minutes then use other.
5. What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
a. This is a selective beta 2 agonist with some minor beta 1 activity. Stimulation of
beta 2 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle leads to vasodilation and a
decrease in diastolic BP, causing and inc HR. also can cause tremors.
6. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
, a. Anti Inflammatory. Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory
cells into the bronchial tissues (late allergic reaction). The exact mechanism of
how they inhibit bronchoconstrictor mechanisms and produce smooth muscle
relaxation is unknown.
b.
7. When is it appropriate to use a SABA?
a. Acute symptomatic relief of all pts with airflow obstruction.
8. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic receptor antagonists?
a. Reduce the vol of sputum without changing viscosity.
9. What are the adverse effects associated with inhaled corticosteroids? Explain the
adverse effects, considering what a patient would need to know.
a. Can cause horesness, tongue and mouth irritation, flushing or rash. Long periods
of use can cause blood glucose and potassium to be monitored. Child growth
also. Rinse mouth after use.
10.What is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used to treat?
a. For pts with uncontrolled asthma that are not controlled with asthma meds. They
should be used with caution. Only use when necessary then stop.
11.What is a long-acting beta-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LABA/LAMA)
combination used to treat?
a. They can treat lung infections, lung hyperinflation, exercise capacity, quality of life
and exacerbation frequency slowing the progression of
COPD.
12.What is the mechanism of action and indication for omalizumab (Xolair)?
a. It inhibits the binding of IgE to the high affinity IgE receptor on the surface of mast
cells and basophils.
Bronchodilators dec constriction
Corticosteroids to help dec inflammation PP
have some notes.
WEEK 13 Chap 14 Resp Drugs Part 2
1. What special populations should not be prescribed pseudoephedrine and why?
a. Pt taking MOAI (contraindicated), not for children under 4, avoid in HTN pt.
2. What drug should be prescribed for a patient with nasal congestion and
hypertension?
a. Chlorpheniramine ( Chlor-trimetron) or Coricidin HBP (anti-histamines).
3. What are the adverse effects of antihistamines? Explain the adverse effects,
considering what a patient would need to know.
