EDUC 1 REVIEWER This information becomes the child’s
PART 2 schema for “dog.”
- Later, when the child sees
COGNITIVE THEORY another dog, they recognize it
- Focuses on children from birth easily because they already have
through adolescence a schema.
- moral, memory, reasoning and 2. ASSIMILATION
language - Assimilation happens
when a child adds new
JEAN PIAGET information to an
- Jean Piaget was a Swiss existing schema.
psychologist who studied how - Example:
children think and learn. A child sees a cat and
- He believed that children actively calls it a dog because it
build their knowledge through also has four legs.
experience and interaction with 3. ACCOMODATION
their environment. - Accommodation happens
when the child changes
3 ASSUMPTIONS their schema to
1. Children formulate their own understand new
concepts based on their information.
experience. - Example:
2. Children are capable of learning The child learns that cats
even without the influence of and dogs are different
adult animals and creates a new
3. Children learn by nature schema.
4. EQUILIBRATION
Key Ideas of Piaget's Cognitive - the process of balancing
Theory assimilation and
accommodation so a
1. SCHEMA child can understand the
- A schema is a mental world better.
framework or idea that - It helps children move
helps a person organize from confusion to
and understand understanding.
information. Assimilation → fit new information
EASY EXAMPLE: into old schema
- A child learns that a dog: Accommodation → change schema
● has four legs Equilibration → balance between the
● barks two
● has a tail
, Four Stages of Cognitive Example:
Development A child thinks everyone sees the
world exactly the way they do.
1. Sensorimotor Stage
- Centration
- Age: Birth – 2 years - The child focuses on only
- Characteristics: one aspect of a situation
● Learning through senses and ignores the others.
and actions Example:
● Babies explore using - A child thinks a taller glass
touching, looking, and has more juice even if both
hearing glasses contain the same
● Development of object amount.
permanence
- Irreversibility
THINKING SKILLS - Difficulty understanding that
- Object permanence: actions can be reversed or
● The understanding that undone.
objects still exist even - Example:
when they cannot be A child cannot imagine pouring
seen. the juice back into the original
● Example:A baby looks for glass.
a toy even if it is hidden.
- Symbolic Thinking (Symbolic
2. Preoperational Stage Function)
- Age: 2 – 7 years - The ability to use symbols,
- Characteristics: words, or objects to represent
● Rapid language something else.
development - Example:
● Uses imagination A child uses a stick and
and pretend play pretends it is a sword.
● Thinking is - Transductive Reasoning
egocentric - The child believes that two
unrelated events are
THINKING SKILLS connected.
- Egocentrism: - Example:
● Children have difficulty seeing - “I didn't eat my vegetables,
things from another person's so that's why it rained.
perspective
PART 2 schema for “dog.”
- Later, when the child sees
COGNITIVE THEORY another dog, they recognize it
- Focuses on children from birth easily because they already have
through adolescence a schema.
- moral, memory, reasoning and 2. ASSIMILATION
language - Assimilation happens
when a child adds new
JEAN PIAGET information to an
- Jean Piaget was a Swiss existing schema.
psychologist who studied how - Example:
children think and learn. A child sees a cat and
- He believed that children actively calls it a dog because it
build their knowledge through also has four legs.
experience and interaction with 3. ACCOMODATION
their environment. - Accommodation happens
when the child changes
3 ASSUMPTIONS their schema to
1. Children formulate their own understand new
concepts based on their information.
experience. - Example:
2. Children are capable of learning The child learns that cats
even without the influence of and dogs are different
adult animals and creates a new
3. Children learn by nature schema.
4. EQUILIBRATION
Key Ideas of Piaget's Cognitive - the process of balancing
Theory assimilation and
accommodation so a
1. SCHEMA child can understand the
- A schema is a mental world better.
framework or idea that - It helps children move
helps a person organize from confusion to
and understand understanding.
information. Assimilation → fit new information
EASY EXAMPLE: into old schema
- A child learns that a dog: Accommodation → change schema
● has four legs Equilibration → balance between the
● barks two
● has a tail
, Four Stages of Cognitive Example:
Development A child thinks everyone sees the
world exactly the way they do.
1. Sensorimotor Stage
- Centration
- Age: Birth – 2 years - The child focuses on only
- Characteristics: one aspect of a situation
● Learning through senses and ignores the others.
and actions Example:
● Babies explore using - A child thinks a taller glass
touching, looking, and has more juice even if both
hearing glasses contain the same
● Development of object amount.
permanence
- Irreversibility
THINKING SKILLS - Difficulty understanding that
- Object permanence: actions can be reversed or
● The understanding that undone.
objects still exist even - Example:
when they cannot be A child cannot imagine pouring
seen. the juice back into the original
● Example:A baby looks for glass.
a toy even if it is hidden.
- Symbolic Thinking (Symbolic
2. Preoperational Stage Function)
- Age: 2 – 7 years - The ability to use symbols,
- Characteristics: words, or objects to represent
● Rapid language something else.
development - Example:
● Uses imagination A child uses a stick and
and pretend play pretends it is a sword.
● Thinking is - Transductive Reasoning
egocentric - The child believes that two
unrelated events are
THINKING SKILLS connected.
- Egocentrism: - Example:
● Children have difficulty seeing - “I didn't eat my vegetables,
things from another person's so that's why it rained.
perspective
