Edition by Paul Cozby|| All Chapters 1-14| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior Chapter
x x x x x x x
2: Where to Start
x x x
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research Ch
x x x x x x
apter 4: Fundamental Research Issues Chap
x x x x x
ter 5: Measurement Concepts Chapter 6: O
x x x x x x
bservational Methods x
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
x x x x x x x x
Chapter 8: Experimental Design x x x
Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments Chapter
x x x x
10: Complex Experimental Designs
x x x x
Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-
x x x
Experimental, and Developmental Research Chapter 12: Understanding Research R
x x x x x x x x
esults: Description and Correlation Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: St
x x x x x x x x x
atistical Inference x
Chapter 14: Generalization x x
,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior x x x x x
Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
x x xx x xx xx xx xx x x x
A. evaluating research reported in the media x x x x x
B. making decisions in various professions
x xx xx xx
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior xx xx xx x
D. conducting scientific research x x
Answer: C
x xx
A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
x x x x x x x x x x x
A. intuition is always completely wrong x x x x
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
x x x x x x x x
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
xx x x x x x xx
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas
x x x x x
Answer: B
x xx
An illusory correlation occurs when:
x x x x
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
x xx x x xx xx x
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
x xx x x x
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
x x x xx x xx
D. authority figures provide expert opinions x x x x
Answer: A
x xx
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having
x x x x x xx x x x x xx x
difficulty conceiving is an example of:
x x x x x x
A. scientific evidence xx
B. illusory correlation x
C. valid causal reasoning x xx
D. peer-reviewed research x
Answer: B
x xx
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure
x x x x x x x x x x x
without question, they are relying on:
x xx xx x xx xx
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism
x x
C. authority
D. falsifiability
Answer: C
x xx
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from
x x x x x x x x x
other ways of knowing is:
x x x xx x
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
x xx
Empiricism is best defined as: x xx x x
A. accepting authority figures' statements x x x
B. knowledge based on observations and data x x x xx x
C. relying on personal intuition x x x
D. making untestable claims x x
Answer: B
x xx
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is
x x x x x x x x x x x x
TRUE?
x
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
x x x x x x xx
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists x x x x x x
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
xx x xx xx x x x xx
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-designed studies
x x x x x x
Answer: A
x xx
The concept of falsifiability means that:
x xx xx xx x
A. all scientific ideas are false
x x x x
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
xx x xx x x xx x x
C. scientists intentionally falsify data x x x
D. only false ideas should be tested
x x x x x
Answer: B
x xx
Peer review in science serves to:
x x x x x
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
x xx xx xx xx
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
x xx x x x x x
C. eliminate the need for replication x x x x
D. prevent any criticism of published work x x x x x
Answer: B
x xx
Scientific skepticism means that: xx x xx
A. scientists reject all new ideas x xx x xx
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
x x x x x x x x x x
C. scientists are generally negative people x xx xx x
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
x x x x x
Answer: B
x xx
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
x x x x x x x x
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas
x x x x x x x
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
x x x x x x x x x
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
x x x x x x xx x