PSYC 304 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS 100%
CORRECT
◉professional guidelines that offer researchers a template for
making decisions that protect research participants from potential
harm and that help steer potential scientists away from conflicts of
interest or other situations that might compromise the integrity of
their research. Answer: ethics
◉a logical idea that can be tested. Answer: hypothesis
◉the careful observation of the natural world with the aim of better
understanding it. Observations provide the basic data that allows
scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the
natural world. Answer: systemic observation
◉groups of closely related phenomena or observations. Answer:
theory
◉inductive reasoning is based on. Answer: probabilities
,◉How to decipher between inductive and deductive reasoning?.
Answer: inductive uses observations and probability
deductive uses more certain language by setting up a premise
(general principle) and following with an argument and certain
conclusion - predictions may be involved
◉null hypothesis. Answer: statement that two variables are not
related
◉a statement that two variables are related. Answer: alternative
hypothesis
◉a piece of biased evidence, usually drawn from personal
experience, used to support a conclusion that may or may not be
correct. Answer: anecdotal evidence
◉in research, the determination that one variable causes - is
responsible for - an effect. Answer: casuality
◉in stats, the measure of relatedness of two or more variables.
Answer: correlation
◉in research, information systemically collected for analysis and
interpretation. Answer: data (observations)
,◉A form of reasoning in which a given premise determines the
interpretation of specific observations. Answer: deductive reasoning
◉In statistics, the relative frequency that a particular value occurs
for each possible value of a given variable.. Answer: distribution
◉Concerned with observation and/or the ability to verify a claim..
Answer: empirical
◉objective information about the world. Answer: fact
◉In science, the ability of a claim to be tested and—possibly—
refuted; a defining feature of science.. Answer: falsify
◉In research, the degree to which one can extend conclusions
drawn from the findings of a study to other groups or situations not
included in the study.. Answer: generalize
◉a tentative explanation that is subject to testing. Answer:
hypothesis
◉to draw general conclusions from specific observations. Answer:
inductive reasoning
, ◉noting that "the driver in that car was texting; he just cut me off
then ran a red light!" (a specific observation), which leads to the
general conclusion that texting while driving is dangerous. Answer:
inductive reasoning
◉In science, there are complementary understandings and
explanations of phenomena.. Answer: levels of analysis
◉In statistics, a test created to determine the chances that an
alternative hypothesis would produce a result as extreme as the one
observed if the null hypothesis were actually true.. Answer: Null-
hypothesis significance testing (NHST)
◉being free of personal bias. Answer: objective
◉In research, all the people belonging to a particular group (e.g., the
population of left handed people).. Answer: population
◉A measure of the degree of certainty of the occurrence of an event..
Answer: probability
◉In statistics, the established threshold for determining whether a
given value occurs by chance.. Answer: probability values
COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS 100%
CORRECT
◉professional guidelines that offer researchers a template for
making decisions that protect research participants from potential
harm and that help steer potential scientists away from conflicts of
interest or other situations that might compromise the integrity of
their research. Answer: ethics
◉a logical idea that can be tested. Answer: hypothesis
◉the careful observation of the natural world with the aim of better
understanding it. Observations provide the basic data that allows
scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the
natural world. Answer: systemic observation
◉groups of closely related phenomena or observations. Answer:
theory
◉inductive reasoning is based on. Answer: probabilities
,◉How to decipher between inductive and deductive reasoning?.
Answer: inductive uses observations and probability
deductive uses more certain language by setting up a premise
(general principle) and following with an argument and certain
conclusion - predictions may be involved
◉null hypothesis. Answer: statement that two variables are not
related
◉a statement that two variables are related. Answer: alternative
hypothesis
◉a piece of biased evidence, usually drawn from personal
experience, used to support a conclusion that may or may not be
correct. Answer: anecdotal evidence
◉in research, the determination that one variable causes - is
responsible for - an effect. Answer: casuality
◉in stats, the measure of relatedness of two or more variables.
Answer: correlation
◉in research, information systemically collected for analysis and
interpretation. Answer: data (observations)
,◉A form of reasoning in which a given premise determines the
interpretation of specific observations. Answer: deductive reasoning
◉In statistics, the relative frequency that a particular value occurs
for each possible value of a given variable.. Answer: distribution
◉Concerned with observation and/or the ability to verify a claim..
Answer: empirical
◉objective information about the world. Answer: fact
◉In science, the ability of a claim to be tested and—possibly—
refuted; a defining feature of science.. Answer: falsify
◉In research, the degree to which one can extend conclusions
drawn from the findings of a study to other groups or situations not
included in the study.. Answer: generalize
◉a tentative explanation that is subject to testing. Answer:
hypothesis
◉to draw general conclusions from specific observations. Answer:
inductive reasoning
, ◉noting that "the driver in that car was texting; he just cut me off
then ran a red light!" (a specific observation), which leads to the
general conclusion that texting while driving is dangerous. Answer:
inductive reasoning
◉In science, there are complementary understandings and
explanations of phenomena.. Answer: levels of analysis
◉In statistics, a test created to determine the chances that an
alternative hypothesis would produce a result as extreme as the one
observed if the null hypothesis were actually true.. Answer: Null-
hypothesis significance testing (NHST)
◉being free of personal bias. Answer: objective
◉In research, all the people belonging to a particular group (e.g., the
population of left handed people).. Answer: population
◉A measure of the degree of certainty of the occurrence of an event..
Answer: probability
◉In statistics, the established threshold for determining whether a
given value occurs by chance.. Answer: probability values
