NR 228 Exam 4: Nutrition, Health & Wellness -
Chamberlain University Updated and Latest Questions and
Correct Answers with Rationale
1. When using motivational interviewing to help a client with obesity, which communication strategy is
most appropriate to encourage behavior change?
A. Using open-ended questions to explore the client’s personal goals.
B. Telling the client exactly what foods to avoid for weight loss.
C. Directly confronting the client about the health risks of their current diet.
D. Providing a standardized meal plan for the client to follow strictly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Motivational interviewing is a client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change. It
focuses on resolving ambivalence by exploring the client’s own reasons for change. The primary goal is to
increase intrinsic motivation so that change arises from within the client. This method avoids
confrontational tactics which often lead to resistance or defensiveness. By using empathy and reflective
listening, the nurse builds a therapeutic alliance that supports long-term health goals.
2. A nurse is counseling a Hispanic/Latino client who is managing type 2 diabetes. Which dietary adjustment
preserves cultural preferences while improving glycemic control?
A. Increasing the intake of non-starchy vegetables within traditional dishes.
B. Eliminating beans and legumes from the daily diet.
C. Replacing all corn products with whole-wheat bread.
D. Substituting all traditional fats with commercial margarine.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: Cultural competence requires integrating traditional foods into a healthy eating plan rather
than eliminating them. Encouraging the addition of non-starchy vegetables helps increase fiber intake
and satiety without sacrificing cultural identity. Beans are a significant source of fiber and protein in
Hispanic diets and should be managed, not removed. This approach respects the client’s lifestyle while
addressing the medical need for blood glucose management. Evidence suggests that culturally tailored
interventions lead to better adherence and long-term health outcomes.
3. A client is in the ‘Contemplation’ stage of the Transtheoretical Model regarding weight loss. What is the
most effective nursing intervention at this stage?
A. Discussing the pros and cons of changing dietary habits with the client.
B. Helping the client develop a specific exercise schedule for the week.
C. Providing detailed recipes for low-calorie meal preparation.
D. Congratulating the client on successfully losing five pounds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the contemplation stage, the client is aware that a problem exists but is not yet committed
to taking action. The nurse should focus on the benefits of change versus the effort required to help
resolve ambivalence. Providing specific plans or recipes is more appropriate for the preparation or action
stages. At this point, the client needs to weigh the personal value of health improvements against
perceived barriers. Effective counseling facilitates the movement from thinking about change to
preparing for it.
4. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is evidence-based and emphasizes which
specific nutrient profile?
A. High in saturated fats and low in complex carbohydrates.
B. Very low in total protein and high in refined sugars.
, C. High in potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and low in sodium.
D. High in sodium to maintain electrolyte balance during exercise.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The DASH diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure through nutrient-dense food
choices. It emphasizes minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are known to help
regulate vascular tone. Reducing sodium intake is a critical component of the diet to prevent fluid
retention and hypertension. It also encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
products. Research consistently shows that this dietary pattern significantly reduces cardiovascular risk
factors.
5. A nurse is preparing a meal tray for a client who follows Orthodox Judaism. Which food combination
should the nurse ensure is NOT present on the tray?
A. A cheeseburger made with beef and cheddar cheese.
B. Grilled salmon and steamed asparagus.
C. Roasted chicken with a side of white rice.
D. Pasta with tomato sauce and sautéed mushrooms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orthodox Jewish dietary laws, known as Kosher laws, prohibit the mixing of meat and dairy in
the same meal. A cheeseburger combines beef (meat) and cheese (dairy), which violates these religious
requirements. Separate utensils and dishes are often used for meat and dairy products in strict
households. Salmon is considered ‘pareve’ or neutral and can be eaten with either meat or dairy.
Understanding these cultural constraints is vital for providing respectful and appropriate nutritional
care.
Chamberlain University Updated and Latest Questions and
Correct Answers with Rationale
1. When using motivational interviewing to help a client with obesity, which communication strategy is
most appropriate to encourage behavior change?
A. Using open-ended questions to explore the client’s personal goals.
B. Telling the client exactly what foods to avoid for weight loss.
C. Directly confronting the client about the health risks of their current diet.
D. Providing a standardized meal plan for the client to follow strictly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Motivational interviewing is a client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change. It
focuses on resolving ambivalence by exploring the client’s own reasons for change. The primary goal is to
increase intrinsic motivation so that change arises from within the client. This method avoids
confrontational tactics which often lead to resistance or defensiveness. By using empathy and reflective
listening, the nurse builds a therapeutic alliance that supports long-term health goals.
2. A nurse is counseling a Hispanic/Latino client who is managing type 2 diabetes. Which dietary adjustment
preserves cultural preferences while improving glycemic control?
A. Increasing the intake of non-starchy vegetables within traditional dishes.
B. Eliminating beans and legumes from the daily diet.
C. Replacing all corn products with whole-wheat bread.
D. Substituting all traditional fats with commercial margarine.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: Cultural competence requires integrating traditional foods into a healthy eating plan rather
than eliminating them. Encouraging the addition of non-starchy vegetables helps increase fiber intake
and satiety without sacrificing cultural identity. Beans are a significant source of fiber and protein in
Hispanic diets and should be managed, not removed. This approach respects the client’s lifestyle while
addressing the medical need for blood glucose management. Evidence suggests that culturally tailored
interventions lead to better adherence and long-term health outcomes.
3. A client is in the ‘Contemplation’ stage of the Transtheoretical Model regarding weight loss. What is the
most effective nursing intervention at this stage?
A. Discussing the pros and cons of changing dietary habits with the client.
B. Helping the client develop a specific exercise schedule for the week.
C. Providing detailed recipes for low-calorie meal preparation.
D. Congratulating the client on successfully losing five pounds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the contemplation stage, the client is aware that a problem exists but is not yet committed
to taking action. The nurse should focus on the benefits of change versus the effort required to help
resolve ambivalence. Providing specific plans or recipes is more appropriate for the preparation or action
stages. At this point, the client needs to weigh the personal value of health improvements against
perceived barriers. Effective counseling facilitates the movement from thinking about change to
preparing for it.
4. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is evidence-based and emphasizes which
specific nutrient profile?
A. High in saturated fats and low in complex carbohydrates.
B. Very low in total protein and high in refined sugars.
, C. High in potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and low in sodium.
D. High in sodium to maintain electrolyte balance during exercise.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The DASH diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure through nutrient-dense food
choices. It emphasizes minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are known to help
regulate vascular tone. Reducing sodium intake is a critical component of the diet to prevent fluid
retention and hypertension. It also encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
products. Research consistently shows that this dietary pattern significantly reduces cardiovascular risk
factors.
5. A nurse is preparing a meal tray for a client who follows Orthodox Judaism. Which food combination
should the nurse ensure is NOT present on the tray?
A. A cheeseburger made with beef and cheddar cheese.
B. Grilled salmon and steamed asparagus.
C. Roasted chicken with a side of white rice.
D. Pasta with tomato sauce and sautéed mushrooms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orthodox Jewish dietary laws, known as Kosher laws, prohibit the mixing of meat and dairy in
the same meal. A cheeseburger combines beef (meat) and cheese (dairy), which violates these religious
requirements. Separate utensils and dishes are often used for meat and dairy products in strict
households. Salmon is considered ‘pareve’ or neutral and can be eaten with either meat or dairy.
Understanding these cultural constraints is vital for providing respectful and appropriate nutritional
care.
