NR 328 Exam 1: Pediatric Nursing - Chamberlain
University Updated and Latest Questions and Correct
Answers with Rationale
1. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about infant psychosocial development. According to Erikson,
which of the following is the primary task of the first year of life?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Erikson’s theory, the infant stage from birth to one year focuses on the development of
trust. This task is achieved when caregivers consistently meet the infant’s needs for food, comfort, and
socialization. If these needs are not met, the infant may develop a sense of mistrust toward their
environment. Nurses must emphasize that prompt responses to an infant’s cries help build this essential
foundation. Successfully completing this stage allows the child to feel safe and secure in the world.
2. A nurse is providing education to new parents regarding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
prevention. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will let my baby sleep in my bed so I can monitor them closely.
B. I will keep my baby’s crib free of pillows and blankets.
C. I will use a firm mattress for my baby’s sleep surface.
D. I will place my baby on their back to sleep.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: While room-sharing is recommended for the first six months, bed-sharing is a significant risk
factor for SIDS and accidental suffocation. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a separate
but nearby sleep surface for the infant. Parents should always place infants on their backs on a firm
mattress to reduce risks. Soft objects such as pillows, bumper pads, and quilts should be removed from
the sleeping area. This education is vital for pediatric nurses to provide to all families of newborns.
3. In what order should the nurse perform a physical assessment on a 2-year-old child to ensure
cooperation?
A. Least invasive to most invasive tasks.
B. Head to toe sequence like an adult.
C. Auscultate heart and lungs last.
D. Check ears and throat first.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing a toddler requires a flexible approach to minimize distress and maintain rapport.
The nurse should perform non-threatening assessments first, such as observing behavior and respiratory
rate from a distance. Invasive or uncomfortable procedures, such as examining the ears and throat,
should always be saved for the very end. Using a doll or letting the child touch the equipment can also
help ease anxiety during the process. This strategy helps the nurse gather more accurate data before the
child becomes upset.
4. A school-age child is being assessed for cognitive development. According to Piaget, which of the
following stages is characteristic of this age group?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Concrete Operational
, C. Preoperational
D. Formal Operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children in the school-age years, typically 7 to 11 years old, are in the Concrete Operational
stage. During this period, they begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept
of conservation. They can classify objects into different sets and understand mathematical
transformations. However, they still struggle with abstract or hypothetical concepts which develop in the
next stage. Nurses should explain procedures to these children using physical examples and logical
reasoning.
5. What is the most appropriate location for the chest clip on a child’s car seat harness?
A. At the level of the armpits.
B. At the level of the neck.
C. At the level of the abdomen.
D. Resting on the child’s lap.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proper car seat safety is essential for preventing injury during a motor vehicle accident. The
chest clip must be positioned at the level of the child’s armpits or mid-sternum to keep the harness straps
properly aligned. If the clip is too low, the child could be ejected from the seat during a crash. If the clip is
too high, it may cause injury to the neck or airway. Nurses should demonstrate this proper placement to
parents during discharge education.
University Updated and Latest Questions and Correct
Answers with Rationale
1. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about infant psychosocial development. According to Erikson,
which of the following is the primary task of the first year of life?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Erikson’s theory, the infant stage from birth to one year focuses on the development of
trust. This task is achieved when caregivers consistently meet the infant’s needs for food, comfort, and
socialization. If these needs are not met, the infant may develop a sense of mistrust toward their
environment. Nurses must emphasize that prompt responses to an infant’s cries help build this essential
foundation. Successfully completing this stage allows the child to feel safe and secure in the world.
2. A nurse is providing education to new parents regarding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
prevention. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will let my baby sleep in my bed so I can monitor them closely.
B. I will keep my baby’s crib free of pillows and blankets.
C. I will use a firm mattress for my baby’s sleep surface.
D. I will place my baby on their back to sleep.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: While room-sharing is recommended for the first six months, bed-sharing is a significant risk
factor for SIDS and accidental suffocation. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a separate
but nearby sleep surface for the infant. Parents should always place infants on their backs on a firm
mattress to reduce risks. Soft objects such as pillows, bumper pads, and quilts should be removed from
the sleeping area. This education is vital for pediatric nurses to provide to all families of newborns.
3. In what order should the nurse perform a physical assessment on a 2-year-old child to ensure
cooperation?
A. Least invasive to most invasive tasks.
B. Head to toe sequence like an adult.
C. Auscultate heart and lungs last.
D. Check ears and throat first.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing a toddler requires a flexible approach to minimize distress and maintain rapport.
The nurse should perform non-threatening assessments first, such as observing behavior and respiratory
rate from a distance. Invasive or uncomfortable procedures, such as examining the ears and throat,
should always be saved for the very end. Using a doll or letting the child touch the equipment can also
help ease anxiety during the process. This strategy helps the nurse gather more accurate data before the
child becomes upset.
4. A school-age child is being assessed for cognitive development. According to Piaget, which of the
following stages is characteristic of this age group?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Concrete Operational
, C. Preoperational
D. Formal Operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children in the school-age years, typically 7 to 11 years old, are in the Concrete Operational
stage. During this period, they begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept
of conservation. They can classify objects into different sets and understand mathematical
transformations. However, they still struggle with abstract or hypothetical concepts which develop in the
next stage. Nurses should explain procedures to these children using physical examples and logical
reasoning.
5. What is the most appropriate location for the chest clip on a child’s car seat harness?
A. At the level of the armpits.
B. At the level of the neck.
C. At the level of the abdomen.
D. Resting on the child’s lap.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proper car seat safety is essential for preventing injury during a motor vehicle accident. The
chest clip must be positioned at the level of the child’s armpits or mid-sternum to keep the harness straps
properly aligned. If the clip is too low, the child could be ejected from the seat during a crash. If the clip is
too high, it may cause injury to the neck or airway. Nurses should demonstrate this proper placement to
parents during discharge education.
