QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory Answer: In Murray
Bowen's Family Systems Theory, an individual has accomplished
differentiation of self when they are capable of keeping their
emotions and thoughts separate and acting of their own accord in a
chaotic familial situation; for instance, differentiation of self may be
represented by an individual pushing against his family's wishes to
contest an elderly relative's will that left everything to charity,
arguing that her wishes should be honored. Triangles are
represented by two members of the family potentially mediating
anxiety by involving a third member in the emotional conflict, such
as two parents outsourcing financial anxiety about their daughter's
college by pushing her to earn a scholarship. Emotional cutoffs
involve complete separation to avoid unresolved emotional issues,
such as going "no contact" with a relative.
◉ A score of 27 on the Beck Depression Inventory would indicate
which of the following? Answer: Moderate depression
On the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), moderate depression is
indicated by a score between 21 and 30 (e.g., 27). Mild mood
disturbance would be indicated by a score of 11-16. A score of 17-20
on the BDI signifies borderline clinical depression. Severe
depression is suggested by a score of 31-40.
,◉ Individuals with Down syndrome are most likely to develop which
form of dementia? Answer: Individuals with Down syndrome are
most likely to develop Alzheimer's disease, with a more than 90%
chance of developing the condition by the seventh decade of life.
Although Down syndrome may also predispose individuals towards
vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy body, and frontotemporal
dementia, the condition is most strongly linked to the development
of Alzheimer's disease.
◉ A 27-year-old patient has entered your inpatient facility in a state
of alcohol withdrawal. She says it has been 12 hours since she had
her last drink. What is the earliest point at which you would expect
to see delirium tremens in this patient? Answer: Delirium tremens
(DTs) can present as early as 48 hours into alcohol withdrawal; thus,
a patient who has been sober for 12 hours may start to exhibit DTs
within the next 36 hours. DTs may present anywhere from 48 to 72
hours (e.g., 60 hours) after discontinuation of alcohol. Within the
first 24-48 hours after alcohol discontinuation, a patient entering
withdrawal is more likely to exhibit findings such as hallucinations
and seizures.
◉ Which of the following would most likely need to be reported to
local authorities?
A 35-year-old female reports to the emergency department with a
dog bite on her hand
, A 29-year-old female is diagnosed with community-acquired
pneumonia.
A 32-year-old male comes to your hospital after being sexually
assaulted
A 26-year-old male arrives at your clinic with injuries suggestive of
intimate partner violence Answer: All states require that nurses
report animal bites to the authorities (e.g., health department,
animal control) in order to control possible cases of rabies. Some
states have mandatory reporting laws for intimate partner violence,
but not all states do.
Community-acquired pneumonia is not a disease that needs to be
reported to the health department upon diagnosis. Although sexual
assault incidents involving children, elders, or dependent adults
must be reported to the authorities, cases involving competent
adults do not need to be reported unless the patient decides to do so.
◉ Standard 6 of the National Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services Standards would best be reflected by which of
the following scenarios? Answer: Standard 6 of the National
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards focuses
on ensuring that both written and verbal notices of language
assistance services are provided to patients in their preferred
language. Standard 5 involves ensuring that language assistance
services are provided to patients at no cost as needed. Standard 7
ensures the competency of translators who provide language
assistance services so that patients do not have to rely on untrained
individuals (e.g., underage relatives) for translation. Standard 4
focuses on educating and training the health care workforce and