GEOG 1113 Intro to Landforms Lab #8,
University of Georgia (UOG), Physical
Geography & Geomorphology,
Comprehensive Questions & Answers (Grade
A, Verified)
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive practice examination is designed for students in GEOG 1113 – Introduction
to Landforms at the University of Georgia (UOG) preparing for Lab #8 for the current academic
year. This lab covers fluvial processes, glacial landforms, coastal geomorphology, arid
landscapes, and topographic map interpretation.
Course Information:
Institution: University of Georgia (UOG)
Course: GEOG 1113 – Introduction to Landforms
Lab: Lab #8 – Advanced Landform Analysis
Prerequisite: GEOG 1111 (Physical Geography) or equivalent
Lab Manual: UOG Geography Department Lab Manual (current edition)
Exam Format: Multiple-choice, select-all-that-apply, topographic map interpretation, calculation
questions
Major Content Areas Covered:
Fluvial Processes and Landforms: Stream erosion, transportation, deposition, drainage patterns,
stream orders, gradients, base level, rejuvenation, meanders, floodplains
Glacial Landforms and Processes: Glacier formation, movement, erosional and depositional
landforms, isostatic rebound
Coastal and Marine Landforms: Wave processes, erosion and deposition landforms, coral reefs,
coastal management
Arid and Eolian Landforms: Desert landscapes, wind erosion, transportation, deposition, dune
types
,Topographic Map Interpretation: Contour lines, slope analysis, profile construction, map scales,
coordinate systems
Applied Geomorphology: Uniformitarianism, dating methods, human impacts, hazard
assessment, equilibrium concepts
Section 1: Fluvial Processes and Landforms (Q 1-25)
Q1: The most common stream drainage pattern, which resembles the branching of a tree and
occurs on uniform rock types with gentle slopes, is the:
A. Trellis pattern
B. Radial pattern
C. Dendritic pattern
D. Rectangular pattern
[CORRECT] C. Dendritic pattern
Rationale:
Dendritic pattern is the most common drainage pattern, resembling tree branches. It develops
on uniform rock types (horizontal sedimentary or massive igneous/metamorphic) with gentle
slopes. Trellis (folded rocks), radial (volcano), rectangular (fractures/faults).
Q2: The outside bend of a meander where erosion occurs is called the:
A. Point bar
B. Cut bank
C. Oxbow lake
D. Floodplain
[CORRECT] B. Cut bank
Rationale:
The cut bank is the outside (concave) bend of a meander where stream velocity is highest and
erosion occurs. The point bar is the inside (convex) bend where deposition occurs (slower
velocity). Oxbow lake forms when meander is cut off.
Q3: A stream that has been rejuvenated (base level lowered) may develop:
A. Floodplains
,B. Terraces (abandoned floodplains)
C. Alluvial fans
D. Deltas
[CORRECT] B. Terraces (abandoned floodplains)
Rationale:
When base level lowers (sea level drop, tectonic uplift), the stream downcuts, leaving former
floodplains as terraces (paired or unpaired). Incised meanders also indicate rejuvenation. Deltas
form at base level (sea/lake). Alluvial fans form at mountain fronts.
Q4: The total area drained by a stream and its tributaries is called the:
A. Floodplain
B. Drainage basin (watershed)
C. Divide
D. Alluvial fan
[CORRECT] B. Drainage basin (watershed)
Rationale:
A drainage basin (watershed) is the total land area that contributes water to a stream and its
tributaries. The divide is the high ground separating drainage basins. Floodplain is flat area
adjacent to stream.
Q5: A stream that has a steep gradient, high velocity, and cuts a V-shaped valley is typically in
which stage?
A. Old age (low gradient, meandering)
B. Youthful (steep gradient, downcutting)
C. Mature (moderate gradient, some meanders)
D. Rejuvenated (renewed downcutting)
[CORRECT] B. Youthful (steep gradient, downcutting)
Rationale:
, Youthful stage: steep gradient, high velocity, downcutting (vertical erosion), V-shaped valley,
few/no meanders, waterfalls/rapids. Old age: low gradient, meandering, wide floodplain.
Mature: moderate gradient, some meanders. Rejuvenated: renewed downcutting, terraces.
Q6: Which of the following is NOT a type of stream erosion?
A. Hydraulic action
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Deflation
[CORRECT] D. Deflation
Rationale:
Deflation is wind erosion (removal of loose particles), not stream erosion. Stream erosion
includes: hydraulic action (force of water), abrasion (sediment grinding), corrosion/solution
(chemical weathering), and attrition (particles colliding).
Q7: A circular hole drilled into bedrock by abrasive particles swirling in turbulent water is called
a:
A. Pothole
B. Kettle
C. Sinkhole
D. Caldera
[CORRECT] A. Pothole
Rationale:
Potholes are cylindrical holes drilled into bedrock by abrasion (particles caught in eddies).
Kettles are glacial depressions. Sinkholes are karst features. Calderas are volcanic collapse
features.
Q8: In the Strahler stream ordering system, when two 2nd order streams join, they form a:
A. 2nd order stream
B. 3rd order stream
C. 4th order stream
University of Georgia (UOG), Physical
Geography & Geomorphology,
Comprehensive Questions & Answers (Grade
A, Verified)
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive practice examination is designed for students in GEOG 1113 – Introduction
to Landforms at the University of Georgia (UOG) preparing for Lab #8 for the current academic
year. This lab covers fluvial processes, glacial landforms, coastal geomorphology, arid
landscapes, and topographic map interpretation.
Course Information:
Institution: University of Georgia (UOG)
Course: GEOG 1113 – Introduction to Landforms
Lab: Lab #8 – Advanced Landform Analysis
Prerequisite: GEOG 1111 (Physical Geography) or equivalent
Lab Manual: UOG Geography Department Lab Manual (current edition)
Exam Format: Multiple-choice, select-all-that-apply, topographic map interpretation, calculation
questions
Major Content Areas Covered:
Fluvial Processes and Landforms: Stream erosion, transportation, deposition, drainage patterns,
stream orders, gradients, base level, rejuvenation, meanders, floodplains
Glacial Landforms and Processes: Glacier formation, movement, erosional and depositional
landforms, isostatic rebound
Coastal and Marine Landforms: Wave processes, erosion and deposition landforms, coral reefs,
coastal management
Arid and Eolian Landforms: Desert landscapes, wind erosion, transportation, deposition, dune
types
,Topographic Map Interpretation: Contour lines, slope analysis, profile construction, map scales,
coordinate systems
Applied Geomorphology: Uniformitarianism, dating methods, human impacts, hazard
assessment, equilibrium concepts
Section 1: Fluvial Processes and Landforms (Q 1-25)
Q1: The most common stream drainage pattern, which resembles the branching of a tree and
occurs on uniform rock types with gentle slopes, is the:
A. Trellis pattern
B. Radial pattern
C. Dendritic pattern
D. Rectangular pattern
[CORRECT] C. Dendritic pattern
Rationale:
Dendritic pattern is the most common drainage pattern, resembling tree branches. It develops
on uniform rock types (horizontal sedimentary or massive igneous/metamorphic) with gentle
slopes. Trellis (folded rocks), radial (volcano), rectangular (fractures/faults).
Q2: The outside bend of a meander where erosion occurs is called the:
A. Point bar
B. Cut bank
C. Oxbow lake
D. Floodplain
[CORRECT] B. Cut bank
Rationale:
The cut bank is the outside (concave) bend of a meander where stream velocity is highest and
erosion occurs. The point bar is the inside (convex) bend where deposition occurs (slower
velocity). Oxbow lake forms when meander is cut off.
Q3: A stream that has been rejuvenated (base level lowered) may develop:
A. Floodplains
,B. Terraces (abandoned floodplains)
C. Alluvial fans
D. Deltas
[CORRECT] B. Terraces (abandoned floodplains)
Rationale:
When base level lowers (sea level drop, tectonic uplift), the stream downcuts, leaving former
floodplains as terraces (paired or unpaired). Incised meanders also indicate rejuvenation. Deltas
form at base level (sea/lake). Alluvial fans form at mountain fronts.
Q4: The total area drained by a stream and its tributaries is called the:
A. Floodplain
B. Drainage basin (watershed)
C. Divide
D. Alluvial fan
[CORRECT] B. Drainage basin (watershed)
Rationale:
A drainage basin (watershed) is the total land area that contributes water to a stream and its
tributaries. The divide is the high ground separating drainage basins. Floodplain is flat area
adjacent to stream.
Q5: A stream that has a steep gradient, high velocity, and cuts a V-shaped valley is typically in
which stage?
A. Old age (low gradient, meandering)
B. Youthful (steep gradient, downcutting)
C. Mature (moderate gradient, some meanders)
D. Rejuvenated (renewed downcutting)
[CORRECT] B. Youthful (steep gradient, downcutting)
Rationale:
, Youthful stage: steep gradient, high velocity, downcutting (vertical erosion), V-shaped valley,
few/no meanders, waterfalls/rapids. Old age: low gradient, meandering, wide floodplain.
Mature: moderate gradient, some meanders. Rejuvenated: renewed downcutting, terraces.
Q6: Which of the following is NOT a type of stream erosion?
A. Hydraulic action
B. Abrasion
C. Attrition
D. Deflation
[CORRECT] D. Deflation
Rationale:
Deflation is wind erosion (removal of loose particles), not stream erosion. Stream erosion
includes: hydraulic action (force of water), abrasion (sediment grinding), corrosion/solution
(chemical weathering), and attrition (particles colliding).
Q7: A circular hole drilled into bedrock by abrasive particles swirling in turbulent water is called
a:
A. Pothole
B. Kettle
C. Sinkhole
D. Caldera
[CORRECT] A. Pothole
Rationale:
Potholes are cylindrical holes drilled into bedrock by abrasion (particles caught in eddies).
Kettles are glacial depressions. Sinkholes are karst features. Calderas are volcanic collapse
features.
Q8: In the Strahler stream ordering system, when two 2nd order streams join, they form a:
A. 2nd order stream
B. 3rd order stream
C. 4th order stream
