PATH 120 MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What do doctors investigate after Ben stabilizes in the hospital? - Answer- The cause of
his stroke
What percentage of strokes are caused by clots formed at the sites of atherosclerosis? -
Answer- More than half
What does heart disease define? - Answer- Conditions affecting cardiovascular health
What is a characteristic of heart attacks? - Answer- They are sudden-onset and can be
fatal
What percentage of Canadians are affected by hypertension? - Answer- About 1 in 4
Canadians
How do heart disease rates among Indigenous people compare to the general
Canadian population? - Answer- They are up to 50% higher
What is the death rate from strokes in Indigenous people compared to the general
population? - Answer- It is 2 times greater
What is likely contributing to health disparities in Indigenous populations? - Answer-
Underlying disparity in access to healthcare services and the social determinants of
health
What is atherosclerosis? - Answer- Thickening of arteries, the major blood vessels that
deliver oxygenated blood to the body.
What contributes to the thickening of arteries in atherosclerosis? - Answer- A
combination of inflammation and plaque (fatty deposits) build up.
When does the development of atherosclerosis typically start? - Answer- Early in most
people.
What are the severe consequences of atherosclerosis? - Answer- Heart attacks and
strokes.
metabolism - Answer- Describes total balance of energy requirements of the body
,Macromolecules from our food are converted into energy
metabolism describes how our bodies: - Answer- Takes in macromolecules
Stores macromolecules
Breaks macromolecules down for energy and recycling
Create new macromolecules when needed
anabolic pathway - Answer- Creates new, complex macromolecules out of smaller units,
requiring energy
Used by cells in our bodies to grow or repair damage
catabolic pathway - Answer- Breaks down macromolecules into smaller units or
molecules
Generates energy
what are the 4 macromolecules - Answer- carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
What are the main types of carbohydrates? - Answer- Sugars, glycogen, fiber, starches
What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? - Answer- Simple =
bad carbs; complex = healthy carbs
How does glucose enter cells? - Answer- Glucose needs transporters to help it enter
cells via the plasma membrane
lipids - Answer- Associated with transporter proteins
Stored in adipocytes or fat cells (adipose tissue)
Second reservoir of stored energy body uses
What do proteins consist of? - Answer- Chains of amino acids
When are proteins primarily broken down as an energy source? - Answer- During
periods of starvation
Do proteins serve important functions aside from being an energy source? - Answer-
Yes
What are the two main types of nucleic acids? - Answer- DNA and RNA
What is the significance of nucleic acids in biology? - Answer- Critical to the central
dogma
Are nucleic acids used for energy production? - Answer- No
, what do nucleic acids make up - Answer- ATP and GTP which are used as energy
currencies to drive chemical reactions in body
4 ways the body stores energy - Answer- Food intake
Physical activity
Amount of fat stored
Basal metabolic rate (number of calories needed to keep body functioning at rest)
What happens as the body consumes energy? - Answer- Signals are exchanged
between tissues by way of hormones.
What are hormones? - Answer- Molecules that influence sensations like hunger.
What do hormones signal regarding macromolecules? - Answer- They signal whether
macromolecules are stored or consumed.
What balance do hormones help maintain? - Answer- The balance between catabolic
and anabolic pathways.
equilibrium - Answer- Equal amounts of anabolic and catabolic processes taking place
State the body tries to achieve at all times
What is anabolism? - Answer- Process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones, often involving the storage of sugars and fats.
What effect does a lack of exercise have on the body? - Answer- A lack of exercise
favors the storage of sugars and fats through anabolic processes.
What can prolonged imbalance between food intake and exercise lead to? - Answer-
Prolonged imbalance may lead to weight gain due to fat stored in adipose tissue.
What happens to basal metabolism rates with prolonged weight gain? - Answer- Basal
metabolism rates drop with prolonged weight gain.
what is catabolism - Answer- the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones to
release energy (ATP)
what drives catabolic processes - Answer- Exercise and fasting shift balance to a state
where hormones signal for stored fat and sugars to be broken down
what happens when your body spends a long time expending energy - Answer- Leads
to weight loss, but also increases hunger because blood sugar levels drop.
insulin - Answer- Hormone produced by b cells (specializing cells in the pancreas)
Responsible for maintaining healthy glucose levels in the blood
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What do doctors investigate after Ben stabilizes in the hospital? - Answer- The cause of
his stroke
What percentage of strokes are caused by clots formed at the sites of atherosclerosis? -
Answer- More than half
What does heart disease define? - Answer- Conditions affecting cardiovascular health
What is a characteristic of heart attacks? - Answer- They are sudden-onset and can be
fatal
What percentage of Canadians are affected by hypertension? - Answer- About 1 in 4
Canadians
How do heart disease rates among Indigenous people compare to the general
Canadian population? - Answer- They are up to 50% higher
What is the death rate from strokes in Indigenous people compared to the general
population? - Answer- It is 2 times greater
What is likely contributing to health disparities in Indigenous populations? - Answer-
Underlying disparity in access to healthcare services and the social determinants of
health
What is atherosclerosis? - Answer- Thickening of arteries, the major blood vessels that
deliver oxygenated blood to the body.
What contributes to the thickening of arteries in atherosclerosis? - Answer- A
combination of inflammation and plaque (fatty deposits) build up.
When does the development of atherosclerosis typically start? - Answer- Early in most
people.
What are the severe consequences of atherosclerosis? - Answer- Heart attacks and
strokes.
metabolism - Answer- Describes total balance of energy requirements of the body
,Macromolecules from our food are converted into energy
metabolism describes how our bodies: - Answer- Takes in macromolecules
Stores macromolecules
Breaks macromolecules down for energy and recycling
Create new macromolecules when needed
anabolic pathway - Answer- Creates new, complex macromolecules out of smaller units,
requiring energy
Used by cells in our bodies to grow or repair damage
catabolic pathway - Answer- Breaks down macromolecules into smaller units or
molecules
Generates energy
what are the 4 macromolecules - Answer- carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
What are the main types of carbohydrates? - Answer- Sugars, glycogen, fiber, starches
What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? - Answer- Simple =
bad carbs; complex = healthy carbs
How does glucose enter cells? - Answer- Glucose needs transporters to help it enter
cells via the plasma membrane
lipids - Answer- Associated with transporter proteins
Stored in adipocytes or fat cells (adipose tissue)
Second reservoir of stored energy body uses
What do proteins consist of? - Answer- Chains of amino acids
When are proteins primarily broken down as an energy source? - Answer- During
periods of starvation
Do proteins serve important functions aside from being an energy source? - Answer-
Yes
What are the two main types of nucleic acids? - Answer- DNA and RNA
What is the significance of nucleic acids in biology? - Answer- Critical to the central
dogma
Are nucleic acids used for energy production? - Answer- No
, what do nucleic acids make up - Answer- ATP and GTP which are used as energy
currencies to drive chemical reactions in body
4 ways the body stores energy - Answer- Food intake
Physical activity
Amount of fat stored
Basal metabolic rate (number of calories needed to keep body functioning at rest)
What happens as the body consumes energy? - Answer- Signals are exchanged
between tissues by way of hormones.
What are hormones? - Answer- Molecules that influence sensations like hunger.
What do hormones signal regarding macromolecules? - Answer- They signal whether
macromolecules are stored or consumed.
What balance do hormones help maintain? - Answer- The balance between catabolic
and anabolic pathways.
equilibrium - Answer- Equal amounts of anabolic and catabolic processes taking place
State the body tries to achieve at all times
What is anabolism? - Answer- Process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones, often involving the storage of sugars and fats.
What effect does a lack of exercise have on the body? - Answer- A lack of exercise
favors the storage of sugars and fats through anabolic processes.
What can prolonged imbalance between food intake and exercise lead to? - Answer-
Prolonged imbalance may lead to weight gain due to fat stored in adipose tissue.
What happens to basal metabolism rates with prolonged weight gain? - Answer- Basal
metabolism rates drop with prolonged weight gain.
what is catabolism - Answer- the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones to
release energy (ATP)
what drives catabolic processes - Answer- Exercise and fasting shift balance to a state
where hormones signal for stored fat and sugars to be broken down
what happens when your body spends a long time expending energy - Answer- Leads
to weight loss, but also increases hunger because blood sugar levels drop.
insulin - Answer- Hormone produced by b cells (specializing cells in the pancreas)
Responsible for maintaining healthy glucose levels in the blood
