NURS 100 | NURS100 Exam 1: Nursing
Fundamentals - WCU Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with Rationale
1. A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient. Which of the following is
considered subjective data?
A. The patient’s heart rate is 88 beats per minute.
B. The nurse observes a rash on the patient’s arm.
C. The patient’s blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.
D. The patient states, ‘I feel nauseated.’
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Subjective data refers to information that the patient expresses about their own
feelings and perceptions. This type of information cannot be measured directly by the
nurse through physical assessment. In this case, feeling nauseated is a symptom reported
by the patient rather than an observed sign. Vital signs and physical findings like a rash are
categorized as objective data. Accurate documentation of both subjective and objective
data is essential for the nursing process.
2. What is the primary goal of the assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. To establish a baseline for the patient’s health status.
B. To carry out physician orders.
C. To evaluate if the nursing interventions were effective.
D. To formulate nursing diagnoses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process where data is collected
systematically. The primary goal is to gather a comprehensive database to understand the
patient’s current health status. This baseline allows the nurse to identify patient strengths
and actual or potential health problems. Without a proper assessment, the subsequent
steps of the nursing process cannot be accurately performed. It involves both physical
examination and history taking to ensure holistic care.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient on Contact Precautions. Which personal protective
equipment (PPE) is mandatory before entering the room?
A. Mask and goggles.
B. Gown and gloves.
C. N95 respirator and gloves.
,D. Gloves only.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contact precautions are used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact
with the patient or their environment. The standard protocol requires the nurse to wear a
gown and gloves to prevent skin and clothing contamination. These barriers help break the
chain of infection and protect both the staff and other patients. Hand hygiene remains a
critical step before putting on and after removing the PPE. Following these protocols is
essential for preventing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
4. In the ‘RACE’ acronym for fire safety, what does the ‘A’ stand for?
A. Apply the extinguisher.
B. Alarm (Activate the fire alarm).
C. Alert the physician.
D. Avoid the smoke.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fire safety protocols in hospitals typically follow the RACE acronym to ensure a
quick and organized response. ‘A’ stands for Activate the alarm or Alert others to the
danger. This step ensures that the fire department and facility staff are notified
immediately. The other components include Rescue, Confine, and Extinguish or Evacuate.
Promptly following these steps saves lives and prevents the spread of fire. Nurses must be
familiar with their facility’s specific fire safety plan.
5. A nurse is using therapeutic communication. Which of the following is an example of an
open-ended question?
A. Are you feeling better today?
B. Did you take your medication this morning?
C. Tell me more about how you’ve been feeling.
D. Do you have any allergies?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage patients to share more information and
express their thoughts or feelings. Unlike ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions, they require the patient to
provide a more detailed response. This technique helps the nurse gather richer assessment
data and build rapport. It demonstrates active listening and shows interest in the patient’s
individual experience. Effective communication is a cornerstone of patient-centered care
and the nursing profession.
6. Which nursing intervention is most effective for preventing the spread of infection?
A. Wearing gloves for all patient interactions.
, B. Ensuring the patient is in a private room.
C. Administering antibiotics as prescribed.
D. Performing hand hygiene frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene is widely recognized as the single most effective way to prevent
the transmission of microorganisms. It should be performed before and after patient
contact, after touching contaminated surfaces, and after removing gloves. Using soap and
water or alcohol-based rubs removes or kills transient pathogens. This simple action
significantly reduces the rate of healthcare-associated infections. Nurses play a vital role in
modeling and educating others on proper hand hygiene.
7. A patient is at high risk for falls. Which nursing action is a priority safety measure?
A. Placing the call light within the patient’s reach.
B. Keeping all four side rails up at all times.
C. Administering a sedative to keep the patient in bed.
D. Turning off all lights in the room at night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ensuring the call light is within reach allows the patient to ask for assistance
rather than attempting to get up alone. This promotes safety while maintaining the
patient’s autonomy and dignity. Keeping all four side rails up is often considered a form of
restraint and can increase injury risk. Sedatives are not appropriate primary fall
prevention measures and can increase confusion. Proper fall prevention also includes
keeping the bed in the lowest position and clutter-free.
8. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following should the nurse address
first?
A. Physiological needs (e.g., oxygen, water).
B. Safety and security needs.
C. Self-esteem needs.
D. Love and belonging needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maslow’s Hierarchy prioritizes needs starting with basic physiological
requirements for survival. Oxygen, nutrition, elimination, and rest must be met before a
patient can focus on higher-level needs. Once physiological needs are stable, the nurse can
address safety and emotional well-being. This framework helps nurses prioritize patient
care tasks effectively during their shift. Addressing a patient’s immediate respiratory
Fundamentals - WCU Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with Rationale
1. A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient. Which of the following is
considered subjective data?
A. The patient’s heart rate is 88 beats per minute.
B. The nurse observes a rash on the patient’s arm.
C. The patient’s blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.
D. The patient states, ‘I feel nauseated.’
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Subjective data refers to information that the patient expresses about their own
feelings and perceptions. This type of information cannot be measured directly by the
nurse through physical assessment. In this case, feeling nauseated is a symptom reported
by the patient rather than an observed sign. Vital signs and physical findings like a rash are
categorized as objective data. Accurate documentation of both subjective and objective
data is essential for the nursing process.
2. What is the primary goal of the assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. To establish a baseline for the patient’s health status.
B. To carry out physician orders.
C. To evaluate if the nursing interventions were effective.
D. To formulate nursing diagnoses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process where data is collected
systematically. The primary goal is to gather a comprehensive database to understand the
patient’s current health status. This baseline allows the nurse to identify patient strengths
and actual or potential health problems. Without a proper assessment, the subsequent
steps of the nursing process cannot be accurately performed. It involves both physical
examination and history taking to ensure holistic care.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient on Contact Precautions. Which personal protective
equipment (PPE) is mandatory before entering the room?
A. Mask and goggles.
B. Gown and gloves.
C. N95 respirator and gloves.
,D. Gloves only.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contact precautions are used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact
with the patient or their environment. The standard protocol requires the nurse to wear a
gown and gloves to prevent skin and clothing contamination. These barriers help break the
chain of infection and protect both the staff and other patients. Hand hygiene remains a
critical step before putting on and after removing the PPE. Following these protocols is
essential for preventing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
4. In the ‘RACE’ acronym for fire safety, what does the ‘A’ stand for?
A. Apply the extinguisher.
B. Alarm (Activate the fire alarm).
C. Alert the physician.
D. Avoid the smoke.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fire safety protocols in hospitals typically follow the RACE acronym to ensure a
quick and organized response. ‘A’ stands for Activate the alarm or Alert others to the
danger. This step ensures that the fire department and facility staff are notified
immediately. The other components include Rescue, Confine, and Extinguish or Evacuate.
Promptly following these steps saves lives and prevents the spread of fire. Nurses must be
familiar with their facility’s specific fire safety plan.
5. A nurse is using therapeutic communication. Which of the following is an example of an
open-ended question?
A. Are you feeling better today?
B. Did you take your medication this morning?
C. Tell me more about how you’ve been feeling.
D. Do you have any allergies?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage patients to share more information and
express their thoughts or feelings. Unlike ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions, they require the patient to
provide a more detailed response. This technique helps the nurse gather richer assessment
data and build rapport. It demonstrates active listening and shows interest in the patient’s
individual experience. Effective communication is a cornerstone of patient-centered care
and the nursing profession.
6. Which nursing intervention is most effective for preventing the spread of infection?
A. Wearing gloves for all patient interactions.
, B. Ensuring the patient is in a private room.
C. Administering antibiotics as prescribed.
D. Performing hand hygiene frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene is widely recognized as the single most effective way to prevent
the transmission of microorganisms. It should be performed before and after patient
contact, after touching contaminated surfaces, and after removing gloves. Using soap and
water or alcohol-based rubs removes or kills transient pathogens. This simple action
significantly reduces the rate of healthcare-associated infections. Nurses play a vital role in
modeling and educating others on proper hand hygiene.
7. A patient is at high risk for falls. Which nursing action is a priority safety measure?
A. Placing the call light within the patient’s reach.
B. Keeping all four side rails up at all times.
C. Administering a sedative to keep the patient in bed.
D. Turning off all lights in the room at night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ensuring the call light is within reach allows the patient to ask for assistance
rather than attempting to get up alone. This promotes safety while maintaining the
patient’s autonomy and dignity. Keeping all four side rails up is often considered a form of
restraint and can increase injury risk. Sedatives are not appropriate primary fall
prevention measures and can increase confusion. Proper fall prevention also includes
keeping the bed in the lowest position and clutter-free.
8. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following should the nurse address
first?
A. Physiological needs (e.g., oxygen, water).
B. Safety and security needs.
C. Self-esteem needs.
D. Love and belonging needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maslow’s Hierarchy prioritizes needs starting with basic physiological
requirements for survival. Oxygen, nutrition, elimination, and rest must be met before a
patient can focus on higher-level needs. Once physiological needs are stable, the nurse can
address safety and emotional well-being. This framework helps nurses prioritize patient
care tasks effectively during their shift. Addressing a patient’s immediate respiratory
