MIBO 3500 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (620)
Microbial size definition organisms and acellular agents too small to be seen by the unaided eye
contradictions to this definition -supersize microbial cells
-microbial communities
-viruses
You are caring for a patient actively infected with No, the mask protects against microbes that are 1-5 nanometers, and the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. tuberculosis particles are larger than 5 nanometers
Size of contaminated respiratory droplets are 1000- 5000
nm in size. Standard surgical masks are designed to block
particles larger than 5 μm. Will wearing a
standard surgical mask be an effective form of
protection?
Robert Hooke -built first compound microscope to observe mole and cork
-published Micrographia
-coined the term "cell"
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek -built single lens magnifiers
-first to observe single-celled microbes, called them "small animals"
Francesco Redi performed an experiment disproving spontaneous generation in which he had
meat in a container with no cover, one with a paper cover, and one with a gauze
cover
Lazzaro Spallanzani disproved spontaneous generation by boiling broth and either covering it or not
covering it. Observed microbial presence in broth that had no cover only
Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation using broth and bottle-neck experiment
spontaneous generation living organisms can arise from non-living matter
Germ theory the theory that many diseases are caused by microbes (chain of infection, pure
culture, colonies)
Chain of infection transmission of infectious microbes
Pure culture culture from a single parental cell
Colonies distinct populations each grown from a single cell
, Robert Koch Developed first guidelines (postulates) to establish a link between a specific
microbe and disease
Koch's postulates (4) 1) Microorganism must be present in every case of the disease and absent from
healthy organisms
2) Microbe must be isolated/grown in pure culture
3) Same disease must result when microbe is inoculated in healthy host
4) Same microorganism must be able to be isolated from the host in which
inoculation caused disease
Florence Nightingale the first to use medical statistics to demonstrate the significance of mortality due
to disease
Alexander Fleming discovered that Penicillium mold generated a substance that can kill bacteria
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain purified penicillin, first commercial antibiotic to save lives
Sergei Winogradsky among the first to study microbes in natural habitats, discovered lithotrophis, and
developed enrichment cultures. ALso build Winogradsky column
Resolution the ability to distinguish small objects close together
Magnification enlarged image of an object
Contrast the difference in color intensity between an object and its background
4 types of light microscopes bright-field
dark-field
phase-contrast
fluorescence
Compound microscope a microscope that forms an image from more than two lenses
Images produced by bright field microscopes are real or virtual
virtual?
Bright-field microscopy -used to see small bacteria but cannot be used to see smaller microbes like
viruses. Shows cells in colorless fashion. Staining of cells usually kills them and ligt
refraction is also problematic
Refraction bending of light as it passes through an object that slows its speed
Dark-field microscopy -dark field optics enable microbes to be visualized as halos of light against
darkness
-allows detection of narrow cells (0.1 nano) that are unresolved by bright-field
microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy refractive differences in cell components are transformed into differences in light
intensity
C
Terms in this set (620)
Microbial size definition organisms and acellular agents too small to be seen by the unaided eye
contradictions to this definition -supersize microbial cells
-microbial communities
-viruses
You are caring for a patient actively infected with No, the mask protects against microbes that are 1-5 nanometers, and the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. tuberculosis particles are larger than 5 nanometers
Size of contaminated respiratory droplets are 1000- 5000
nm in size. Standard surgical masks are designed to block
particles larger than 5 μm. Will wearing a
standard surgical mask be an effective form of
protection?
Robert Hooke -built first compound microscope to observe mole and cork
-published Micrographia
-coined the term "cell"
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek -built single lens magnifiers
-first to observe single-celled microbes, called them "small animals"
Francesco Redi performed an experiment disproving spontaneous generation in which he had
meat in a container with no cover, one with a paper cover, and one with a gauze
cover
Lazzaro Spallanzani disproved spontaneous generation by boiling broth and either covering it or not
covering it. Observed microbial presence in broth that had no cover only
Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation using broth and bottle-neck experiment
spontaneous generation living organisms can arise from non-living matter
Germ theory the theory that many diseases are caused by microbes (chain of infection, pure
culture, colonies)
Chain of infection transmission of infectious microbes
Pure culture culture from a single parental cell
Colonies distinct populations each grown from a single cell
, Robert Koch Developed first guidelines (postulates) to establish a link between a specific
microbe and disease
Koch's postulates (4) 1) Microorganism must be present in every case of the disease and absent from
healthy organisms
2) Microbe must be isolated/grown in pure culture
3) Same disease must result when microbe is inoculated in healthy host
4) Same microorganism must be able to be isolated from the host in which
inoculation caused disease
Florence Nightingale the first to use medical statistics to demonstrate the significance of mortality due
to disease
Alexander Fleming discovered that Penicillium mold generated a substance that can kill bacteria
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain purified penicillin, first commercial antibiotic to save lives
Sergei Winogradsky among the first to study microbes in natural habitats, discovered lithotrophis, and
developed enrichment cultures. ALso build Winogradsky column
Resolution the ability to distinguish small objects close together
Magnification enlarged image of an object
Contrast the difference in color intensity between an object and its background
4 types of light microscopes bright-field
dark-field
phase-contrast
fluorescence
Compound microscope a microscope that forms an image from more than two lenses
Images produced by bright field microscopes are real or virtual
virtual?
Bright-field microscopy -used to see small bacteria but cannot be used to see smaller microbes like
viruses. Shows cells in colorless fashion. Staining of cells usually kills them and ligt
refraction is also problematic
Refraction bending of light as it passes through an object that slows its speed
Dark-field microscopy -dark field optics enable microbes to be visualized as halos of light against
darkness
-allows detection of narrow cells (0.1 nano) that are unresolved by bright-field
microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy refractive differences in cell components are transformed into differences in light
intensity
