MIBO 3500 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
Terms in this set (162)
Genome all the genetic material the organism contains
Vertical transmission -from parent to offspring
-same species (binary fission)
, Horizontal transmission -transfer of small pieces of DNA from one cell to another
-different or same species
1) transformation
2) conjugation
3) transduction
Transformation The process of importing free DNA into bacterial cells, cells need to be
competent to do this (dead bacteria to live)
Dr. Griffith -studied streptococcus pnemoniae in mice
-"bacteria can transfer info" to each other
Genetic Material Transfer -S strain on agar plate leads to illness, and isolation of S colonies
-R strain is not fatal, and isolation of R colonies
-Heat-killed S strain prevents illness and no isolation of colonies
-heat-killed S + living R caused disease and both "S" and "R" were recovered (info
sharing between dead "S" and "R")
How did smooth and rough strains recover if the smooth -"R" picked up genes from the dead "S" (transformation) and became pathogenic
strains were dead and only the rough were alive?
Structure of bacterial genomes -circular; nucleoid condensed in middle of cell
-"S" strain has capsule (outer sugar)
-"R" strain no capsule
Conjugation -horizontal gene transfer between two lives cells that requires cell-cell contact,
pili, and the presence of special transferable plasmids
-bacteria looks for another that does not have the same surface proteins or
plasmid
Relaxase Binds to coupling protein to feed DNA into the pillus for conjugation
Size of prokaryotic genomes ~130-14,000 kb (human = >3 million kb)
How does bacteria fit all of the DNA into the cell? the DNA gets supercoiled
Compared to humans, how much of the DNA in bacteria very little; bacteria is less than 15% non-coding, while humans are more than 90%
consists of non-coding regions? non-coding
Operon gene that can operate independently or together with others
Monocistronic mRNA mRNA that codes for a single type of protein (bacteria and eukaryotes)
Terms in this set (162)
Genome all the genetic material the organism contains
Vertical transmission -from parent to offspring
-same species (binary fission)
, Horizontal transmission -transfer of small pieces of DNA from one cell to another
-different or same species
1) transformation
2) conjugation
3) transduction
Transformation The process of importing free DNA into bacterial cells, cells need to be
competent to do this (dead bacteria to live)
Dr. Griffith -studied streptococcus pnemoniae in mice
-"bacteria can transfer info" to each other
Genetic Material Transfer -S strain on agar plate leads to illness, and isolation of S colonies
-R strain is not fatal, and isolation of R colonies
-Heat-killed S strain prevents illness and no isolation of colonies
-heat-killed S + living R caused disease and both "S" and "R" were recovered (info
sharing between dead "S" and "R")
How did smooth and rough strains recover if the smooth -"R" picked up genes from the dead "S" (transformation) and became pathogenic
strains were dead and only the rough were alive?
Structure of bacterial genomes -circular; nucleoid condensed in middle of cell
-"S" strain has capsule (outer sugar)
-"R" strain no capsule
Conjugation -horizontal gene transfer between two lives cells that requires cell-cell contact,
pili, and the presence of special transferable plasmids
-bacteria looks for another that does not have the same surface proteins or
plasmid
Relaxase Binds to coupling protein to feed DNA into the pillus for conjugation
Size of prokaryotic genomes ~130-14,000 kb (human = >3 million kb)
How does bacteria fit all of the DNA into the cell? the DNA gets supercoiled
Compared to humans, how much of the DNA in bacteria very little; bacteria is less than 15% non-coding, while humans are more than 90%
consists of non-coding regions? non-coding
Operon gene that can operate independently or together with others
Monocistronic mRNA mRNA that codes for a single type of protein (bacteria and eukaryotes)
