MIBO 3500 - Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (105)
Bacterial Taxonomy Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus; Species; Strain (Gemomic) or
Serotype (Surface Antigens or Some Gene Expression)
Deep-Branching Thermophiles -Gram (-)
-Diverged the earliest from ancestral archaea and eukaryotes
-Fastest doubling rates of all bacteria
-High Mutation Rate
-Has some genetic relationship with archaea which could be sequencing and
genes
Phylum Aquificae -Gram (-)
-"Water Maker"
-Resides in the the Deep-Branching Thermophiles Group
-Oxidize hydrogen gas with molecular oxygen to make water
-Ether lunked membrane lipids (usually found in archaea)
How Water Production Might Be Relevant for Aquificae? 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
-Hot springs have high concentrations of dissolved gases such as hydrogen and
sulfur which can be toxic to many organisms
-The production of water could dilute the concentration of these gases in the
ecosystem preventing toxic buildup
Thermocrinis ruber -Gram (-)
-Very Pleomorphic
-On/in standard lab media (agar or broth) grow as a bacilli
-When exposed to water currents grow as long as "streamers" (Each strand is one
to a few cells)
-In Yellowstone's Octopus Spring: T. ruber grows as mat of "pink streamers"
-82-88°C preferred temperature --> Deep-Branching Thermophile
Phylum Thermotogae -Gram (-)
-Deep Branching Thermophile
-Has a "Toga"
-Loosely bound sheath of outer membrane, lacks LPS
(LPS is not very heat stable)
-Mosaic genome of bacterial and arachaeal genes
(Some evidence of potential horizontal transfer)
Thermatoga martima -Gram (-)
-One of the highest recorded growth temperatures (90°C)
-During growth "sheath" or "toga" extends from the poles
-Outer membrane "grows"
-Cytoplasmic growth "stalls"
, Phylum Cyanobacteria -Gram (-)
-NOT Deep-Branching Thermophiles
-Largest, most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria
-The only ones that are oxygenic (produce oxygen)
-Thick peptidoglycan (almost as thick as Gram +)
-Appear green due to the predominant red and blue absorption of chlorophyll
-Utilizes light for energy and CO2 for Carbon
Cyanobacterial Mutualism -Cyanobacteria share many kinds of mutualistic associations
-Participate in multilayered microbial mats
How are microbial mats distinct from biofilms? Dinstinct from biofilms through increased thickness, distinct layering, and
multitude of species involved in formation and Mats do not form on artificial
surfaces
Mats v. Biofilms Size: Mats are macroscopic; Biofilms are microscopic
Complexity: Mats are complex with many species; Biofilms are simple with fewer
species
Structure: Mats are stratified with distinct layers; Biofilms are unstructured or
loosley structured
Habitat: Mats are found in natural, extreme environments; Biofilms are found on
many surfaces including artificial
Function: Mats are ecological, nutrient cycling; Biofilms are often protective or
pathogenic
Development: Mats are slow (weeks to years); biofilms are fast (hours to days)
Filamentous and Colonial Growth -Filamentous growth look very similar to streamers
-Colonial growth grow in enclosed or encased forms iwth 2 to 4 cells within each
group and they typically form this for protection and take on spherical
arrangements
Cyanobacterial Heterocysts -Specialized structure used for nitrogen fixation
-Thick heterocyst wall prevents O2 diffusion into heterocyst which would
inactivate nitrogenase
-Atmospheric nitrogen is not directly usable due to its bonding nature
GC Content -GC base pairs have three hydrogen bonds, AT pairs have two
-Greater stability of genome with more GC base pairing
Phylum Firmicutes - Gram (+)
-"Low-GC species"
Phylum Actinobacteria - Gram (+)
-"High-GC species"
Phylum Firmicutes, Genus Clostridium -Gram (+)
-Bacilli, obligate anaerobes
-Spore forming (some have terminal drumstick)
C
Terms in this set (105)
Bacterial Taxonomy Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus; Species; Strain (Gemomic) or
Serotype (Surface Antigens or Some Gene Expression)
Deep-Branching Thermophiles -Gram (-)
-Diverged the earliest from ancestral archaea and eukaryotes
-Fastest doubling rates of all bacteria
-High Mutation Rate
-Has some genetic relationship with archaea which could be sequencing and
genes
Phylum Aquificae -Gram (-)
-"Water Maker"
-Resides in the the Deep-Branching Thermophiles Group
-Oxidize hydrogen gas with molecular oxygen to make water
-Ether lunked membrane lipids (usually found in archaea)
How Water Production Might Be Relevant for Aquificae? 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
-Hot springs have high concentrations of dissolved gases such as hydrogen and
sulfur which can be toxic to many organisms
-The production of water could dilute the concentration of these gases in the
ecosystem preventing toxic buildup
Thermocrinis ruber -Gram (-)
-Very Pleomorphic
-On/in standard lab media (agar or broth) grow as a bacilli
-When exposed to water currents grow as long as "streamers" (Each strand is one
to a few cells)
-In Yellowstone's Octopus Spring: T. ruber grows as mat of "pink streamers"
-82-88°C preferred temperature --> Deep-Branching Thermophile
Phylum Thermotogae -Gram (-)
-Deep Branching Thermophile
-Has a "Toga"
-Loosely bound sheath of outer membrane, lacks LPS
(LPS is not very heat stable)
-Mosaic genome of bacterial and arachaeal genes
(Some evidence of potential horizontal transfer)
Thermatoga martima -Gram (-)
-One of the highest recorded growth temperatures (90°C)
-During growth "sheath" or "toga" extends from the poles
-Outer membrane "grows"
-Cytoplasmic growth "stalls"
, Phylum Cyanobacteria -Gram (-)
-NOT Deep-Branching Thermophiles
-Largest, most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria
-The only ones that are oxygenic (produce oxygen)
-Thick peptidoglycan (almost as thick as Gram +)
-Appear green due to the predominant red and blue absorption of chlorophyll
-Utilizes light for energy and CO2 for Carbon
Cyanobacterial Mutualism -Cyanobacteria share many kinds of mutualistic associations
-Participate in multilayered microbial mats
How are microbial mats distinct from biofilms? Dinstinct from biofilms through increased thickness, distinct layering, and
multitude of species involved in formation and Mats do not form on artificial
surfaces
Mats v. Biofilms Size: Mats are macroscopic; Biofilms are microscopic
Complexity: Mats are complex with many species; Biofilms are simple with fewer
species
Structure: Mats are stratified with distinct layers; Biofilms are unstructured or
loosley structured
Habitat: Mats are found in natural, extreme environments; Biofilms are found on
many surfaces including artificial
Function: Mats are ecological, nutrient cycling; Biofilms are often protective or
pathogenic
Development: Mats are slow (weeks to years); biofilms are fast (hours to days)
Filamentous and Colonial Growth -Filamentous growth look very similar to streamers
-Colonial growth grow in enclosed or encased forms iwth 2 to 4 cells within each
group and they typically form this for protection and take on spherical
arrangements
Cyanobacterial Heterocysts -Specialized structure used for nitrogen fixation
-Thick heterocyst wall prevents O2 diffusion into heterocyst which would
inactivate nitrogenase
-Atmospheric nitrogen is not directly usable due to its bonding nature
GC Content -GC base pairs have three hydrogen bonds, AT pairs have two
-Greater stability of genome with more GC base pairing
Phylum Firmicutes - Gram (+)
-"Low-GC species"
Phylum Actinobacteria - Gram (+)
-"High-GC species"
Phylum Firmicutes, Genus Clostridium -Gram (+)
-Bacilli, obligate anaerobes
-Spore forming (some have terminal drumstick)
