MIBO 3500 UGA Grainy Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct
Answers
C
Terms in this set (209)
Microbe living organism that requires a microscope to be seen, contain their own
genome(DNA), and can reproduce its own kind
how many cells do microbes contain usually single cellular but can be more
Microbe size 0.5 micrometers to a few millimeters
Types of Microbial organisms Prokaryotes(lack a nucleus): Archaea and Bacteria
Eukaryotes(cells with a nucleus): Fungi, protists, algae
Viruses and prions (acellular)
Three Domains of Life Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya(Animals, Plants, Algae, Fungi, Protists)
How do we compare microbes? we can sequence their DNA and look at similarities
Microbes cause many diseases that devastated human COVID
population such as Swine Flu
Bubonic Plauge
Robert Hooke(1676) -built first compound microscope
- he observed mold and published his finding in Micrographia
- coined the term cell
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek -built a single lens magnifier that was handheld and had an adjustment
- he was the first to observe single celled organisms
spontaneous generation suggests that living organisms could arise without parents
How was the spontaneous generation theory disproved? -Someone proved that maggots in decaying meat were offspring of flies.
-A sealed flask experiment of meat broth was sterilized by boiling and no
microbes grew.
- Pasteur boiled broth in a swan necked flask and it remained microbial free
despite having contact with air
germ theory of disease suggests many diseases are caused by microbes
Koch -founder of scientific process of microbiology and then applied his study to lethal
diseases
, What did Koch discover when working with anthrax the chain of infection/ how diseases spread
How did Koch prove the Germ Theory? using pure cultures to link microbes causing a disease(Mycobacterium causing
tuberculous)
What did Koch use to do pure cultures? agar mediums and petri dishes
Koch's Postulates criteria to establish a link between an infectious agent and a disease
1. suspected microbe always present in diseased host(absent in healthy hosts)
2. Microbe is grown in pure culture outside host and no other microbe is present
3. cultured microbe is introduced into healthy host and then becomes sick with
same disease
4. same microbial suspect is re-isolated from sick individuals
Do Koch's postulates apply to viruses? No because they cannot grow in a pure culture
How do you prevent/ treat diseases? immunization, antiseptics, antibiotics
how did they come up with immunization? smallpox outbreak showed that milkmaids had natural immunity due to their
exposure to cowpox so a scientist deliberately infected patients with material
from cowpox lesions which made inoculation become vaccinations
Pasteur developing immunizations -developed vaccines using weakened strains of microbes
Immunization stimulation of an immune response by deliberate inoculation with a weakened
pathogens
how did antiseptics start a scientist ordered doctors to wash hands with chlorine and then Lister developed
carbolic acid to wash surgical instruments with
How is surgery conducted now? in an aseptic environment which is completely microbe free
How were antibiotics discovered? Fleming discovered Penicillium mold which generated a substance that kills
bacteria. Two scientists then purified it and it became the first commercial
antibiotic to kill off disease causing microbes
How do microbes effect the environment? they cycle many of the nutrients in our atmosphere(N2 and O2), especially
geochemical cycling
How many microbes can be cultured in the lab? Where 0.1%
are the rest? the rest are in the Earth's biosphere
Endosymbionts microbes that partner with a larger host organism
example of endosymbionts -bacteria in our stomachs
- nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodes
Answers
C
Terms in this set (209)
Microbe living organism that requires a microscope to be seen, contain their own
genome(DNA), and can reproduce its own kind
how many cells do microbes contain usually single cellular but can be more
Microbe size 0.5 micrometers to a few millimeters
Types of Microbial organisms Prokaryotes(lack a nucleus): Archaea and Bacteria
Eukaryotes(cells with a nucleus): Fungi, protists, algae
Viruses and prions (acellular)
Three Domains of Life Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya(Animals, Plants, Algae, Fungi, Protists)
How do we compare microbes? we can sequence their DNA and look at similarities
Microbes cause many diseases that devastated human COVID
population such as Swine Flu
Bubonic Plauge
Robert Hooke(1676) -built first compound microscope
- he observed mold and published his finding in Micrographia
- coined the term cell
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek -built a single lens magnifier that was handheld and had an adjustment
- he was the first to observe single celled organisms
spontaneous generation suggests that living organisms could arise without parents
How was the spontaneous generation theory disproved? -Someone proved that maggots in decaying meat were offspring of flies.
-A sealed flask experiment of meat broth was sterilized by boiling and no
microbes grew.
- Pasteur boiled broth in a swan necked flask and it remained microbial free
despite having contact with air
germ theory of disease suggests many diseases are caused by microbes
Koch -founder of scientific process of microbiology and then applied his study to lethal
diseases
, What did Koch discover when working with anthrax the chain of infection/ how diseases spread
How did Koch prove the Germ Theory? using pure cultures to link microbes causing a disease(Mycobacterium causing
tuberculous)
What did Koch use to do pure cultures? agar mediums and petri dishes
Koch's Postulates criteria to establish a link between an infectious agent and a disease
1. suspected microbe always present in diseased host(absent in healthy hosts)
2. Microbe is grown in pure culture outside host and no other microbe is present
3. cultured microbe is introduced into healthy host and then becomes sick with
same disease
4. same microbial suspect is re-isolated from sick individuals
Do Koch's postulates apply to viruses? No because they cannot grow in a pure culture
How do you prevent/ treat diseases? immunization, antiseptics, antibiotics
how did they come up with immunization? smallpox outbreak showed that milkmaids had natural immunity due to their
exposure to cowpox so a scientist deliberately infected patients with material
from cowpox lesions which made inoculation become vaccinations
Pasteur developing immunizations -developed vaccines using weakened strains of microbes
Immunization stimulation of an immune response by deliberate inoculation with a weakened
pathogens
how did antiseptics start a scientist ordered doctors to wash hands with chlorine and then Lister developed
carbolic acid to wash surgical instruments with
How is surgery conducted now? in an aseptic environment which is completely microbe free
How were antibiotics discovered? Fleming discovered Penicillium mold which generated a substance that kills
bacteria. Two scientists then purified it and it became the first commercial
antibiotic to kill off disease causing microbes
How do microbes effect the environment? they cycle many of the nutrients in our atmosphere(N2 and O2), especially
geochemical cycling
How many microbes can be cultured in the lab? Where 0.1%
are the rest? the rest are in the Earth's biosphere
Endosymbionts microbes that partner with a larger host organism
example of endosymbionts -bacteria in our stomachs
- nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodes
