FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING STUDY GUIDE / ACTUAL
TEST QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /
ALREADY GRADED A.
Assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER collecting vital signs, pain levels, other signs/ symptoms
Diagnosis: - CORRECT ANSWER nurse makes a nursing diagnosis based on assessment of
patient; not a medical diagnosis
Planning: - CORRECT ANSWER nurse comes up with client-centered goals; need to be
measurable (client will ambulate 10 meters 3x daily for 2 wks)
Implementing: - CORRECT ANSWER following through with plan that was developed for the
patient
Evaluation: - CORRECT ANSWER goal was met, partially met, not met; how effective the plan
was for the patient and what should be changed for the patient
Normal range for temperature - CORRECT ANSWER 96.8-100.4
Normal range for pulse - CORRECT ANSWER 60-100
Normal range for respirations - CORRECT ANSWER 12-20
Normal range for BP - CORRECT ANSWER 100/60-140-90
Normal range for pulse ox. - CORRECT ANSWER >95%
SOLER - CORRECT ANSWER sit close, observe, lean forward, eye contact, relax
Types of pain - CORRECT ANSWER acute, chronic, cancer, by inferred pathology, idiopathic
Pain threshold - CORRECT ANSWER level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain
Pain tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER amount of pain a patient endures without its interference of
ADLs
Factors influencing pain - CORRECT ANSWER age, fatigue, genes, neurological functions, social
factors, spiritual factors, psychological factors, cultural factors
Behavioral responses to pain - CORRECT ANSWER clenching teeth, holding painful part, bent
posture, grimaces, cries or moans, restlessness, frequent requests of the nurse; confused
patient may not show reaction
, Pharmacological pain relief - CORRECT ANSWER analgesics (NSAIDS & non-opioids, opioids,
adjuvants)
NSAIDS & non-opiates - CORRECT ANSWER has analgesic/ antipyretic effects; available OTC;
used for moderate to mild pain; blocks pain impulses by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis;
lethal when overdosed; do not take with alcohol; do not take if liver dysfunction, possible liver
failure
Opioids - CORRECT ANSWER pain relivers that contain opium or chemically related to opium;
ordered for moderate to severe pain such as post-op, chronic non-cancer, or cancer; depresses
respiratory center, causes constipation, itching, altered mental status
Naloxone (Narcan) - CORRECT ANSWER opiate antagonist, reverses opioid induced resiratory
depression
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) - CORRECT ANSWER client has control with minimum risk of
overdose; system designed to deliver no more than specific number of doses
Anesthetics - CORRECT ANSWER depresses CNS from consciousness to unconsciousness; loss of
responsiveness to sensory stimuli including pain; muscle, skeletal, and visceral smooth muscle
relaxation; general or local
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - CORRECT ANSWER energy needed to maintain life
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER main source of energy; glucose needed for brain, skeletal
muscles, production of RBC/WBC, all functions of renal medulla; obtained from grains, fruits,
veggies, milk, sugar, honey
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER essential from growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue;
amino acids; complete and complementary; nitrogen balance
Fats - CORRECT ANSWER triglycerides and fatty acids; saturated or unsaturated;
monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids; essential or nonessential
Water - CORRECT ANSWER comprises 60-70% of body weight; cell function depends on a fluid
environment, you can only survive a few days without it, illness increases need for fluids
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER essential to normal metabolism; fat soluble(A,D, K,E) can be
stored in body except D; water soluble(C and B complex) cannot be stored in body; obtained
from fruits, milk, veggies, fish, cereal, grains, nuts, sunlight
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER inorganic elements essential as catalysts in biochemical reactions;
obtained in milk, eggs, meats, grains; maintains acid/base balance, osmotic pressure, oxygen
transport
TEST QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /
ALREADY GRADED A.
Assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER collecting vital signs, pain levels, other signs/ symptoms
Diagnosis: - CORRECT ANSWER nurse makes a nursing diagnosis based on assessment of
patient; not a medical diagnosis
Planning: - CORRECT ANSWER nurse comes up with client-centered goals; need to be
measurable (client will ambulate 10 meters 3x daily for 2 wks)
Implementing: - CORRECT ANSWER following through with plan that was developed for the
patient
Evaluation: - CORRECT ANSWER goal was met, partially met, not met; how effective the plan
was for the patient and what should be changed for the patient
Normal range for temperature - CORRECT ANSWER 96.8-100.4
Normal range for pulse - CORRECT ANSWER 60-100
Normal range for respirations - CORRECT ANSWER 12-20
Normal range for BP - CORRECT ANSWER 100/60-140-90
Normal range for pulse ox. - CORRECT ANSWER >95%
SOLER - CORRECT ANSWER sit close, observe, lean forward, eye contact, relax
Types of pain - CORRECT ANSWER acute, chronic, cancer, by inferred pathology, idiopathic
Pain threshold - CORRECT ANSWER level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain
Pain tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER amount of pain a patient endures without its interference of
ADLs
Factors influencing pain - CORRECT ANSWER age, fatigue, genes, neurological functions, social
factors, spiritual factors, psychological factors, cultural factors
Behavioral responses to pain - CORRECT ANSWER clenching teeth, holding painful part, bent
posture, grimaces, cries or moans, restlessness, frequent requests of the nurse; confused
patient may not show reaction
, Pharmacological pain relief - CORRECT ANSWER analgesics (NSAIDS & non-opioids, opioids,
adjuvants)
NSAIDS & non-opiates - CORRECT ANSWER has analgesic/ antipyretic effects; available OTC;
used for moderate to mild pain; blocks pain impulses by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis;
lethal when overdosed; do not take with alcohol; do not take if liver dysfunction, possible liver
failure
Opioids - CORRECT ANSWER pain relivers that contain opium or chemically related to opium;
ordered for moderate to severe pain such as post-op, chronic non-cancer, or cancer; depresses
respiratory center, causes constipation, itching, altered mental status
Naloxone (Narcan) - CORRECT ANSWER opiate antagonist, reverses opioid induced resiratory
depression
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) - CORRECT ANSWER client has control with minimum risk of
overdose; system designed to deliver no more than specific number of doses
Anesthetics - CORRECT ANSWER depresses CNS from consciousness to unconsciousness; loss of
responsiveness to sensory stimuli including pain; muscle, skeletal, and visceral smooth muscle
relaxation; general or local
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - CORRECT ANSWER energy needed to maintain life
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER main source of energy; glucose needed for brain, skeletal
muscles, production of RBC/WBC, all functions of renal medulla; obtained from grains, fruits,
veggies, milk, sugar, honey
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER essential from growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue;
amino acids; complete and complementary; nitrogen balance
Fats - CORRECT ANSWER triglycerides and fatty acids; saturated or unsaturated;
monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids; essential or nonessential
Water - CORRECT ANSWER comprises 60-70% of body weight; cell function depends on a fluid
environment, you can only survive a few days without it, illness increases need for fluids
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER essential to normal metabolism; fat soluble(A,D, K,E) can be
stored in body except D; water soluble(C and B complex) cannot be stored in body; obtained
from fruits, milk, veggies, fish, cereal, grains, nuts, sunlight
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER inorganic elements essential as catalysts in biochemical reactions;
obtained in milk, eggs, meats, grains; maintains acid/base balance, osmotic pressure, oxygen
transport
