Portage Stats Final Exam
1. What are nonparametric tests?: They make no assumptions about the population
parameters
2. What is the goodness of fit test?: it's used when there is one categorical variable
3. What is the chi square test for independence ?: used to determine if there is a
relationship between two categorical variables
4. What is a contingency table?: shows the frequency distributions for both nominal
variables in the study
5. What are marginal values?: they are comprised of the total frequency of each column
and row
6. What is the main difference between parametric and nonparametric tests?: -
parametric tests make assumptions based on normal distributions (population parameters)
nonparametric tests make no assumptions about the population parameters
7. T/F: Nominal variables are described using measures of central tendency such as
the mean or median: false
8. If the categorization of a nominal variable were based on random chance, what
would the frequency distribution look like for that variable?: the frequencies of all levels
of the variable would be equal
9. The ________ test is used when analyzing one nominal variable, whereas the
_________ test is used when analyzing the relationship between two nominal variables:
goodness of fit; test for independence
10. T/F: The steps for hypothesis testing with chi-square tests are difference than those
for parametric tests: false
11. What does the null hypothesis for a goodness of fit test state?: All frequencies of a
particular variable are equal or
all proportions are equal
12. What does the null hypothesis for a test of independence state?: the two variables
are independent of one another or
there is no relationship between the treatment type and the success of the treatment
13. What are the assumptions made in a chi square test?: -membership in each category
is independent
, .
-the expected frequency for each category must be at least 5
-each participant can only be a member of one category
14 In a goodness of fit test, if the null hypothesis is not rejected, then differences between
the observed and expected frequencies are most likely due to
_______?: sampling error
15. Researchers are investigating whether watching animated tv shows is related to
video game interest inn adolescent children. They recruit a sample of 100
children. Which type of chi-square test should they perform?: test for independence since
the relationship between two nominal variables is being studied
16. _______ tables are used to display frequency distributions for one nominal variable,
whereas _______ tables are used to display frequency distributions for two nominal
variables.: frequency, contingency
17. The total frequencies for each column and row in a contingency table are known as
_________: marginal values
18. The ________ is used to measure effect size in studies with 2 x 2 tables, whereas
________ is used to measure effect size for contingency tables greater than 2 x 2: Phi
coefficient, Cramer's V
19. T/F: A Phi coefficient of 0.62 indicates a moderate relationship between two
variables: false- it's a strong relationship
20. What is a test for independence?: it's used to determine if there is a relationship
between two categorical variables
21. What are the sizes for phi coefficient effect?: 0.1- small
0.3 medium
0.5- large
22. What is another name for a non parametric test?: distribution free test
23. T/F mathematically the normal distribution and the t distribution are very different:
false
24. Unlike the normal distribution, the t distribution is sensitive to__________: sample
size
25. The t distribution for ________ sample sizes more closely resembles the normal
distribution?: large
, .
26. A _________ test is used if the population standard deviation is known, whereas a
_______ test is used if the population standard deviation is estimated from the sample
standard deviation: z; t
27 What is the meaning of the null hypothesis for a one sample t test?: the null hypothesis
states that mu is equal to the claimed value
28. If the researcher states in the alternative hypothesis that mu is greater than the
claimed value, what type of test would be performed: right tailed
29. In what type of experimental design is an assessment administered before and after
a treatment condition with the same participants: pre/post design
30. If a researcher administers the same medication to a group of teenagers and a group
of adults, what tye of design is this?: independent samples design
31. What is the difference between a paired sample and independent samples t test?:
in paired samples the members of the two samples are related in some way
in an independent samples t test the members of each sample are completely independent
of one another and membership is mutually exclusive
32. What is a repeat measures study?: it uses the same participants under each
condition or treatment in the study
33. What is a matched pairs study?: matches participants in two different study groups
based upon specific variables or criteria that may ne relevant to the study
34. What are independent samples t test?: it compares the difference between two
samples or groups of subjects who are completely independent of one another
35. What are repeat measures studies?: it is a dependent two sample study that uses
the same
participants under each condition or treatment in the study
36. What is a within subjects study?: the same sample is used for both conditions
37. What is a matched pairs study?: combines the independent measures and repeated
measures concepts
38. What is the estimated standard error?: approximates the population standard
deviation when the sample size is sufficient
39. What are degrees of freedom?: determines how well the t distribution approximates
the normal distribution of the z scores
1. What are nonparametric tests?: They make no assumptions about the population
parameters
2. What is the goodness of fit test?: it's used when there is one categorical variable
3. What is the chi square test for independence ?: used to determine if there is a
relationship between two categorical variables
4. What is a contingency table?: shows the frequency distributions for both nominal
variables in the study
5. What are marginal values?: they are comprised of the total frequency of each column
and row
6. What is the main difference between parametric and nonparametric tests?: -
parametric tests make assumptions based on normal distributions (population parameters)
nonparametric tests make no assumptions about the population parameters
7. T/F: Nominal variables are described using measures of central tendency such as
the mean or median: false
8. If the categorization of a nominal variable were based on random chance, what
would the frequency distribution look like for that variable?: the frequencies of all levels
of the variable would be equal
9. The ________ test is used when analyzing one nominal variable, whereas the
_________ test is used when analyzing the relationship between two nominal variables:
goodness of fit; test for independence
10. T/F: The steps for hypothesis testing with chi-square tests are difference than those
for parametric tests: false
11. What does the null hypothesis for a goodness of fit test state?: All frequencies of a
particular variable are equal or
all proportions are equal
12. What does the null hypothesis for a test of independence state?: the two variables
are independent of one another or
there is no relationship between the treatment type and the success of the treatment
13. What are the assumptions made in a chi square test?: -membership in each category
is independent
, .
-the expected frequency for each category must be at least 5
-each participant can only be a member of one category
14 In a goodness of fit test, if the null hypothesis is not rejected, then differences between
the observed and expected frequencies are most likely due to
_______?: sampling error
15. Researchers are investigating whether watching animated tv shows is related to
video game interest inn adolescent children. They recruit a sample of 100
children. Which type of chi-square test should they perform?: test for independence since
the relationship between two nominal variables is being studied
16. _______ tables are used to display frequency distributions for one nominal variable,
whereas _______ tables are used to display frequency distributions for two nominal
variables.: frequency, contingency
17. The total frequencies for each column and row in a contingency table are known as
_________: marginal values
18. The ________ is used to measure effect size in studies with 2 x 2 tables, whereas
________ is used to measure effect size for contingency tables greater than 2 x 2: Phi
coefficient, Cramer's V
19. T/F: A Phi coefficient of 0.62 indicates a moderate relationship between two
variables: false- it's a strong relationship
20. What is a test for independence?: it's used to determine if there is a relationship
between two categorical variables
21. What are the sizes for phi coefficient effect?: 0.1- small
0.3 medium
0.5- large
22. What is another name for a non parametric test?: distribution free test
23. T/F mathematically the normal distribution and the t distribution are very different:
false
24. Unlike the normal distribution, the t distribution is sensitive to__________: sample
size
25. The t distribution for ________ sample sizes more closely resembles the normal
distribution?: large
, .
26. A _________ test is used if the population standard deviation is known, whereas a
_______ test is used if the population standard deviation is estimated from the sample
standard deviation: z; t
27 What is the meaning of the null hypothesis for a one sample t test?: the null hypothesis
states that mu is equal to the claimed value
28. If the researcher states in the alternative hypothesis that mu is greater than the
claimed value, what type of test would be performed: right tailed
29. In what type of experimental design is an assessment administered before and after
a treatment condition with the same participants: pre/post design
30. If a researcher administers the same medication to a group of teenagers and a group
of adults, what tye of design is this?: independent samples design
31. What is the difference between a paired sample and independent samples t test?:
in paired samples the members of the two samples are related in some way
in an independent samples t test the members of each sample are completely independent
of one another and membership is mutually exclusive
32. What is a repeat measures study?: it uses the same participants under each
condition or treatment in the study
33. What is a matched pairs study?: matches participants in two different study groups
based upon specific variables or criteria that may ne relevant to the study
34. What are independent samples t test?: it compares the difference between two
samples or groups of subjects who are completely independent of one another
35. What are repeat measures studies?: it is a dependent two sample study that uses
the same
participants under each condition or treatment in the study
36. What is a within subjects study?: the same sample is used for both conditions
37. What is a matched pairs study?: combines the independent measures and repeated
measures concepts
38. What is the estimated standard error?: approximates the population standard
deviation when the sample size is sufficient
39. What are degrees of freedom?: determines how well the t distribution approximates
the normal distribution of the z scores
