lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
WGU D027 Advanced Pathopharmacology 2025/2026–
Comprehensive Study Guide for Success" Latest Updated
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
"WGU D027 Advanced Pathopharmacology
2025/2026– Comprehensive Study Guide for
Success" Latest Updated
What are some physical changes from Alzheimer's dementia? - Correct Answer >- Brain
shrinks dramatically; nerve cell death and tissue loss
- Cardinal signs: plaques (abnormal clusters of protein fragments) and tangles (twisted strands
of another protein)
How is Alzheimer's treated? - Correct Answer >- There is no cure, but there are
pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Memantine (namenda)
What are cholinesterase inhibitors prescribed for? - Correct Answer >- To treat symptoms
related to memory, thinking, language, judgment, and other processes
- Helps delay or slow the worsening of symptoms
What does cholinesterase inhibitors do? - Correct Answer >- Prevent the breakdown of
acetylcholine, a chemical messenger that is important for learning and memory
- Supports communication among nerve cells by keeping the acetylcholine high
What is the cause of Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >- Depletion of chromosome
15 from father
- Missing or non-working genes on chromosome 15 (15q11-q13)
- Most cases are not inherited and occur randomly
- Depletion of genes (genes from the region are missing)
- Uniparental disomy - both chromosomes are inherited from the mother - Imprinting mutation
- genes on the paternal chromosome is inactive
What does Prader-Willi Syndrome do to the body? - Correct Answer >- Caused the
hypothalamus to malfunction (the area of the brain that affects hunger, thirst, sex and growth
hormones)
- In infancy, an individual does not meet development milestones suck as sitting up and walking
- Their eyes lack coordination
What is a key feature of Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >- A constant sense of
hunger that usually begins around 2 years of age
- People with Prader-Willi Syndrome want to eat constantly because they never feel full
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
What are some symptoms in infants with Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >-
Hypotonia with floppy structure and poor muscle tone
- Distinct facial features affecting the shape and size of eyes, lips, forehead, etc.
- Poor sucking ability making it difficult to feed
- Always lethargic and poor responsiveness
- Underdeveloped genitals
What is celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Autoimmune disease
- Damages to the small intestinal epithelium when there is ingestion of gluten
- Loss of mucosal surface and brush border enzymes leads to severe malabsorption that is more
pronounced in the duodenum and jejunum
What strong genetic disposition does celiac disease have? - Correct Answer >- Human
leukocyte antigen DQ2 (HLA-DQ2) and HLA-DQ5
What test is recommended for celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- IgA-tTG -
Total IgA
- Simple, inexpensive, widely available, typically covered by insurance, and is very accurate in
untreated celiac disease
What are the recommended tests for celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Total IgA
- IgA-tTg
- IgA-EMA
- If IgA is deficient, it is recommended that IgG/IgA-DGP also be ordered
What are diagnostic methods of celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Serologic
measurements of antiendomysial and antitrandsglutaminase IgA antibodies and HLA-DQ2 or
HLA-DQ8
- Duodenal biopsy
What are tests are used in the diagnosing Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Antisaccharomyces antibody test (ASCA)
- CBC (H/H, WBC)
- Heme-occult
- C-reactive protein (sign of inflammation)
- Electrolyte panel (K due to diarrhea)
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (amount of inflammation)
- Iron and B12 levels
- KUB
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
- Upper endoscopy
- Barium x-rays
- CT/MRI (external view)
- Video capsule endoscopy
Which tests may show lesions for patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Barium x-ray - in the small intestines
- Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (primarily) - in the large intestines
Which two lab tests measure inflammation? - Correct Answer >- C-reactive protein -
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (looks at the amount of inflammation by measuring the
amount of time it takes for erythrocytes to fall to the bottom of the tube)
What are some medications/treatments used to treat Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
- Corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
- Biologics (remicade)
- Antibiotics
- Surgical incision of the affected area
- Aminosalicylates
Why are aminosalicylates used for in patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Reduce inflammation
What are some aminosalicylates that are used to treat Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Sulfasalazine
- Mesalamine
Why are corticosteroids used for in patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Reduce inflammation
- Only used if aminosalicylates are not effective during an exacerbation
What are some immunosuppressants that are used for in patients with Crohn's disease? -
Correct Answer >- Azathiroprine
- Cyclosporine
- Tactolimus
- Methotrexate
- Infliximab
Why are antibiotics used to manage patient's with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >- To
manage intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
WGU D027 Advanced Pathopharmacology 2025/2026–
Comprehensive Study Guide for Success" Latest Updated
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
"WGU D027 Advanced Pathopharmacology
2025/2026– Comprehensive Study Guide for
Success" Latest Updated
What are some physical changes from Alzheimer's dementia? - Correct Answer >- Brain
shrinks dramatically; nerve cell death and tissue loss
- Cardinal signs: plaques (abnormal clusters of protein fragments) and tangles (twisted strands
of another protein)
How is Alzheimer's treated? - Correct Answer >- There is no cure, but there are
pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Memantine (namenda)
What are cholinesterase inhibitors prescribed for? - Correct Answer >- To treat symptoms
related to memory, thinking, language, judgment, and other processes
- Helps delay or slow the worsening of symptoms
What does cholinesterase inhibitors do? - Correct Answer >- Prevent the breakdown of
acetylcholine, a chemical messenger that is important for learning and memory
- Supports communication among nerve cells by keeping the acetylcholine high
What is the cause of Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >- Depletion of chromosome
15 from father
- Missing or non-working genes on chromosome 15 (15q11-q13)
- Most cases are not inherited and occur randomly
- Depletion of genes (genes from the region are missing)
- Uniparental disomy - both chromosomes are inherited from the mother - Imprinting mutation
- genes on the paternal chromosome is inactive
What does Prader-Willi Syndrome do to the body? - Correct Answer >- Caused the
hypothalamus to malfunction (the area of the brain that affects hunger, thirst, sex and growth
hormones)
- In infancy, an individual does not meet development milestones suck as sitting up and walking
- Their eyes lack coordination
What is a key feature of Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >- A constant sense of
hunger that usually begins around 2 years of age
- People with Prader-Willi Syndrome want to eat constantly because they never feel full
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
What are some symptoms in infants with Prader-Willi Syndrome? - Correct Answer >-
Hypotonia with floppy structure and poor muscle tone
- Distinct facial features affecting the shape and size of eyes, lips, forehead, etc.
- Poor sucking ability making it difficult to feed
- Always lethargic and poor responsiveness
- Underdeveloped genitals
What is celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Autoimmune disease
- Damages to the small intestinal epithelium when there is ingestion of gluten
- Loss of mucosal surface and brush border enzymes leads to severe malabsorption that is more
pronounced in the duodenum and jejunum
What strong genetic disposition does celiac disease have? - Correct Answer >- Human
leukocyte antigen DQ2 (HLA-DQ2) and HLA-DQ5
What test is recommended for celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- IgA-tTG -
Total IgA
- Simple, inexpensive, widely available, typically covered by insurance, and is very accurate in
untreated celiac disease
What are the recommended tests for celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Total IgA
- IgA-tTg
- IgA-EMA
- If IgA is deficient, it is recommended that IgG/IgA-DGP also be ordered
What are diagnostic methods of celiac disease? - Correct Answer >- Serologic
measurements of antiendomysial and antitrandsglutaminase IgA antibodies and HLA-DQ2 or
HLA-DQ8
- Duodenal biopsy
What are tests are used in the diagnosing Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Antisaccharomyces antibody test (ASCA)
- CBC (H/H, WBC)
- Heme-occult
- C-reactive protein (sign of inflammation)
- Electrolyte panel (K due to diarrhea)
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (amount of inflammation)
- Iron and B12 levels
- KUB
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
- Upper endoscopy
- Barium x-rays
- CT/MRI (external view)
- Video capsule endoscopy
Which tests may show lesions for patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Barium x-ray - in the small intestines
- Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (primarily) - in the large intestines
Which two lab tests measure inflammation? - Correct Answer >- C-reactive protein -
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (looks at the amount of inflammation by measuring the
amount of time it takes for erythrocytes to fall to the bottom of the tube)
What are some medications/treatments used to treat Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
- Corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
- Biologics (remicade)
- Antibiotics
- Surgical incision of the affected area
- Aminosalicylates
Why are aminosalicylates used for in patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Reduce inflammation
What are some aminosalicylates that are used to treat Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Sulfasalazine
- Mesalamine
Why are corticosteroids used for in patients with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >-
Reduce inflammation
- Only used if aminosalicylates are not effective during an exacerbation
What are some immunosuppressants that are used for in patients with Crohn's disease? -
Correct Answer >- Azathiroprine
- Cyclosporine
- Tactolimus
- Methotrexate
- Infliximab
Why are antibiotics used to manage patient's with Crohn's disease? - Correct Answer >- To
manage intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Downloaded by Collins Mwaniki ()
