IAG_3.docx!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! IAG_3.docx IAG_3.docx
OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
Biology 2e
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 3: Biological Macromolecules
Visual Connection Questions
1. What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?
Glucose and galactose are aldoses. Fructose is a ketose.
2. Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on a soluble protein’s surface, and
which would you expect to find in the interior? What distribution of amino acids would you
expect to find in a protein embedded in a lipid bilayer?
Polar and charged amino acid residues (the remainder after peptide bond formation) are more
likely to be found on the surface of soluble proteins where they can interact with water, and
nonpolar (e.g., amino acid side chains) are more likely to be found in the interior where they
are sequestered from water. In membrane proteins, nonpolar and hydrophobic amino acid side
IAG_3.docx 4/20/2026, 2:15:29 PM IAG_3.docx
, IAG_3.docx!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! IAG_3.docx IAG_3.docx
OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
chains associate with the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, while polar and charged amino
acid side chains interact with the polar head groups or with the aqueous solution. However,
there are exceptions. Sometimes, positively and negatively charged amino acid side chains
interact with one another in the interior of a protein, and polar or charged amino acid side
chains that interact with a ligand can be found in the ligand binding pocket.
3. A mutation occurs, and adenine replaces cytosine. What impact do you think this will have on
the DNA structure?
Adenine is larger than cytosine and will not be able to base pair properly with the guanine on
the opposing strand. This will cause the DNA to bulge. DNA repair enzymes may recognize the
bulge and replace the incorrect nucleotide.
Review Questions
4. Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of
c. water and polymers
5. During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?
a. hydrolysis
6. The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2):
C2H6O + CH3COOH
What type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?
a. condensation
7. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
d. all of the above (fructose, glucose, galactose)
8. Cellulose and starch are examples of:
d. polysaccharides
9. Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
b. cellulose
IAG_3.docx 4/20/2026, 2:15:29 PM IAG_3.docx
OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
Biology 2e
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 3: Biological Macromolecules
Visual Connection Questions
1. What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?
Glucose and galactose are aldoses. Fructose is a ketose.
2. Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on a soluble protein’s surface, and
which would you expect to find in the interior? What distribution of amino acids would you
expect to find in a protein embedded in a lipid bilayer?
Polar and charged amino acid residues (the remainder after peptide bond formation) are more
likely to be found on the surface of soluble proteins where they can interact with water, and
nonpolar (e.g., amino acid side chains) are more likely to be found in the interior where they
are sequestered from water. In membrane proteins, nonpolar and hydrophobic amino acid side
IAG_3.docx 4/20/2026, 2:15:29 PM IAG_3.docx
, IAG_3.docx!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! IAG_3.docx IAG_3.docx
OpenStax Biology 2e Instructor Answer Guide
chains associate with the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, while polar and charged amino
acid side chains interact with the polar head groups or with the aqueous solution. However,
there are exceptions. Sometimes, positively and negatively charged amino acid side chains
interact with one another in the interior of a protein, and polar or charged amino acid side
chains that interact with a ligand can be found in the ligand binding pocket.
3. A mutation occurs, and adenine replaces cytosine. What impact do you think this will have on
the DNA structure?
Adenine is larger than cytosine and will not be able to base pair properly with the guanine on
the opposing strand. This will cause the DNA to bulge. DNA repair enzymes may recognize the
bulge and replace the incorrect nucleotide.
Review Questions
4. Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of
c. water and polymers
5. During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?
a. hydrolysis
6. The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2):
C2H6O + CH3COOH
What type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?
a. condensation
7. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
d. all of the above (fructose, glucose, galactose)
8. Cellulose and starch are examples of:
d. polysaccharides
9. Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
b. cellulose
IAG_3.docx 4/20/2026, 2:15:29 PM IAG_3.docx
