glaciers
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major advances of continental ice sheets in Europe and North America
during the Pleistocene epoch
Red Deer Cave People
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found in two caves in southwest china;
What does Current Thinking Tend to Support?
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Current thinking tends to support a connection between bipedalism and
living in both an arboreal and terrestrial environment.
From the article : "Rethinking Neandertals"
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recent studies suggest that Neanderthals were imaginative enough to
carve artful objects and
invent a language.
Neanderthals were as big-brained as the anatomically modern humans that
later colonized Europe.
Neanderthal fossils suggest that the Neanderthals must have endured a lot
of pain.
Neandertals are traditionally called "Homo Sapiens Neandertalensis".
What are Australopithecus like?
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Bipedal
Mainly vegetarian
Molars have thick enamel, Large apelike canines
In robust australopithecines, chewing muscles are strong enough to
produce a sagittal crest, Robust forms had crests on their skulls, dished-out
faces, large cheekbones, and huge lower jaws and back teeth
Their faces were apelike; short, hairy, apelike
Their brain and body sizes approximated that of chimpanzees
,Homo habilis
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The Genus Homo
H. habilis has been dated to 1.8 m.y.a. by M. Leakey and others
The early genus Homo showed distinct flattening of the face, less sloping
heads, and larger brains.
Brain size prompts classification in our genus.
Similar to australopthecines, BUT:
Oldowan Pebble tools
Genus - Australopithecus (the australopithecines)
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Bipedal, short, hairy, ape-like, vegetarian, big teeth (molars), big jaws,
sagittal crest;
Oldowan Tools
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A. garhi and Early Stone Tools
Fossils from a new hominin species, A. garhi, dating to 2.5 m.y.a. found in
Ethiopia in 1999
Associated with remains of butchered animals
Stone tools dating to 2.6 m.y.a. found at nearby site suggest
australopithecines were toolmakers with some capacity for culture
, What happened with Homo Ergaster pushed out of Africa?
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Homo erectus
About 1.8 mya, fossil hominins changed abruptly.
Features of modern body shape and size appeared—balanced head, short
forearms, long legs, short toes, large buttocks. Thick bones.
Sexual dimorphism in H. erectus
H. erectus also had the necessary vocal apparatus to produce sounds and
the potential for language. Brain casts provide further evidence.
Archaic H. sapiens
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Archaic H. sapiens encompasses earliest members of our species 300,000?
to 28,000 B.P.
Also Neandertals (H. sapiens neanderthalensis, 130,000 to 28,000 B.P.)
Brain size within modern human range
Split between Australopithecus and Homo
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Johanson and White: A. afarensis split into two groups:
Homo habilis
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major advances of continental ice sheets in Europe and North America
during the Pleistocene epoch
Red Deer Cave People
Give this one a try later!
found in two caves in southwest china;
What does Current Thinking Tend to Support?
,Give this one a try later!
Current thinking tends to support a connection between bipedalism and
living in both an arboreal and terrestrial environment.
From the article : "Rethinking Neandertals"
Give this one a try later!
recent studies suggest that Neanderthals were imaginative enough to
carve artful objects and
invent a language.
Neanderthals were as big-brained as the anatomically modern humans that
later colonized Europe.
Neanderthal fossils suggest that the Neanderthals must have endured a lot
of pain.
Neandertals are traditionally called "Homo Sapiens Neandertalensis".
What are Australopithecus like?
Give this one a try later!
Bipedal
Mainly vegetarian
Molars have thick enamel, Large apelike canines
In robust australopithecines, chewing muscles are strong enough to
produce a sagittal crest, Robust forms had crests on their skulls, dished-out
faces, large cheekbones, and huge lower jaws and back teeth
Their faces were apelike; short, hairy, apelike
Their brain and body sizes approximated that of chimpanzees
,Homo habilis
Give this one a try later!
The Genus Homo
H. habilis has been dated to 1.8 m.y.a. by M. Leakey and others
The early genus Homo showed distinct flattening of the face, less sloping
heads, and larger brains.
Brain size prompts classification in our genus.
Similar to australopthecines, BUT:
Oldowan Pebble tools
Genus - Australopithecus (the australopithecines)
Give this one a try later!
Bipedal, short, hairy, ape-like, vegetarian, big teeth (molars), big jaws,
sagittal crest;
Oldowan Tools
Give this one a try later!
A. garhi and Early Stone Tools
Fossils from a new hominin species, A. garhi, dating to 2.5 m.y.a. found in
Ethiopia in 1999
Associated with remains of butchered animals
Stone tools dating to 2.6 m.y.a. found at nearby site suggest
australopithecines were toolmakers with some capacity for culture
, What happened with Homo Ergaster pushed out of Africa?
Give this one a try later!
Homo erectus
About 1.8 mya, fossil hominins changed abruptly.
Features of modern body shape and size appeared—balanced head, short
forearms, long legs, short toes, large buttocks. Thick bones.
Sexual dimorphism in H. erectus
H. erectus also had the necessary vocal apparatus to produce sounds and
the potential for language. Brain casts provide further evidence.
Archaic H. sapiens
Give this one a try later!
Archaic H. sapiens encompasses earliest members of our species 300,000?
to 28,000 B.P.
Also Neandertals (H. sapiens neanderthalensis, 130,000 to 28,000 B.P.)
Brain size within modern human range
Split between Australopithecus and Homo
Give this one a try later!
Johanson and White: A. afarensis split into two groups:
Homo habilis
