NR 324 Adult Health II Exam 5 Study Guide 2026 |Chamberlain College
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to observe?
A. Concentrated urine and fluid volume overload
B. Excessive thirst and high urine output
C. Weight gain and peripheral edema
D. Bradycardia and hypertension
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to massive
polyuria (large amounts of dilute urine) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
2. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH?
A. Serum sodium 145 mEq/L
B. Urine specific gravity 1.002
C. Serum sodium 120 mEq/L
D. Serum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg
Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, causing water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia. A serum sodium of 120 mEq/L is a classic finding.
,3. A patient presents to the ED with a fruity breath odor, Kussmaul respirations,
and a blood glucose of 450 mg/dL. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Initiate intravenous fluid resuscitation
B. Administer subcutaneous glucagon
C. Administer oral glucose tablets
D. Perform a 12-lead ECG
Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is showing signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Dehydration is
severe, and fluid resuscitation with 0.9% Normal Saline is the first priority.
4. In Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS), which finding distinguishes
it from DKA?
A. Presence of large amounts of ketones in the urine
B. Rapid onset of symptoms
C. Metabolic acidosis with a low pH
D. Extremely high blood glucose levels without significant ketosis
Answer: D
Rationale: HHS is characterized by profound hyperglycemia (often >600 mg/dL) and
dehydration, but unlike DKA, there is enough insulin to prevent ketosis.
5. A patient with Grave’s disease is admitted for a thyroidectomy. Which
medication is typically given preoperatively to reduce the vascularity of the
thyroid gland?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Furosemide
C. Lugol’s solution (Iodine)
D. Amiodarone
Answer: C
, Rationale: Iodine preparations like Lugol’s solution or SSKI are used to decrease the
vascularity of the thyroid gland to reduce the risk of hemorrhage during surgery.
6. Following a thyroidectomy, the patient reports tingling in the fingers and
around the mouth. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Encourage the patient to cough and deep breathe
B. Administer a sedative
C. Check the surgical dressing for bleeding
D. Assess for Chvostek’s sign
Answer: D
Rationale: Tingling (paresthesia) indicates hypocalcemia, often caused by accidental
damage to the parathyroid glands. Assessing for Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign is the
priority.
7. Which clinical manifestation is expected in a patient with Cushing’s
Syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Trunkal obesity and moon face
C. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
D. Decreased blood glucose levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by excess cortisol, leading to fat redistribution
(moon face, buffalo hump, trunkal obesity) and hypertension.
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to observe?
A. Concentrated urine and fluid volume overload
B. Excessive thirst and high urine output
C. Weight gain and peripheral edema
D. Bradycardia and hypertension
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to massive
polyuria (large amounts of dilute urine) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
2. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH?
A. Serum sodium 145 mEq/L
B. Urine specific gravity 1.002
C. Serum sodium 120 mEq/L
D. Serum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg
Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, causing water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia. A serum sodium of 120 mEq/L is a classic finding.
,3. A patient presents to the ED with a fruity breath odor, Kussmaul respirations,
and a blood glucose of 450 mg/dL. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Initiate intravenous fluid resuscitation
B. Administer subcutaneous glucagon
C. Administer oral glucose tablets
D. Perform a 12-lead ECG
Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is showing signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Dehydration is
severe, and fluid resuscitation with 0.9% Normal Saline is the first priority.
4. In Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS), which finding distinguishes
it from DKA?
A. Presence of large amounts of ketones in the urine
B. Rapid onset of symptoms
C. Metabolic acidosis with a low pH
D. Extremely high blood glucose levels without significant ketosis
Answer: D
Rationale: HHS is characterized by profound hyperglycemia (often >600 mg/dL) and
dehydration, but unlike DKA, there is enough insulin to prevent ketosis.
5. A patient with Grave’s disease is admitted for a thyroidectomy. Which
medication is typically given preoperatively to reduce the vascularity of the
thyroid gland?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Furosemide
C. Lugol’s solution (Iodine)
D. Amiodarone
Answer: C
, Rationale: Iodine preparations like Lugol’s solution or SSKI are used to decrease the
vascularity of the thyroid gland to reduce the risk of hemorrhage during surgery.
6. Following a thyroidectomy, the patient reports tingling in the fingers and
around the mouth. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Encourage the patient to cough and deep breathe
B. Administer a sedative
C. Check the surgical dressing for bleeding
D. Assess for Chvostek’s sign
Answer: D
Rationale: Tingling (paresthesia) indicates hypocalcemia, often caused by accidental
damage to the parathyroid glands. Assessing for Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign is the
priority.
7. Which clinical manifestation is expected in a patient with Cushing’s
Syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Trunkal obesity and moon face
C. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
D. Decreased blood glucose levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by excess cortisol, leading to fat redistribution
(moon face, buffalo hump, trunkal obesity) and hypertension.
