PSYC 211 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
What is developmental science? Ans✓✓✓The study of constancy
and change throughout the lifespan
Why are theories vital tools for developmental researchers?
Ans✓✓✓Theories provide organizing frameworks for our observations
of people. (describes, explains, predicts behavior)
Identify three basic issues on which theories of human development take
a stand. Ans✓✓✓Continuous or discontinuous?
One course of development or many?
Relative influence of nature and nurture?
List examples of nature and nurture. Ans✓✓✓Nature
Hereditary information
Received from parents at conception
Nurture
Physical and
social forces
Influences biological and psychological development
Describe the lifespan perspective on development
Ans✓✓✓Development is
,-lifelong
-multidimensional and multidirectional
-highly plastic
-influenced by multiple, interacting forces
Describe and give examples of age-graded, history-graded, and
nonnormative influences Ans✓✓✓Age-graded: 16 for driving, 18
college, 21 drinking
History-graded: generations such as baby boomers
Nonnormative: not average- individual based- personal choices
What is resilience? What are the factors in resilience? Ans✓✓✓Ability
to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development
1. Personal characteristics
2. Warm parental relationships
3.Social support outside family
4.Community resources and opportunities
What are the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social
learning theory? Ans✓✓✓Contributions:
Behavior modification
, Modeling, observational learning
Limitations:
Narrow view of environmental influences
Underestimates individual's active role
What is the main focus of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Ans✓✓✓Children actively construct knowledge by manipulating and
exploring their world.
Mental structures adapt to better fit with environment.
Development moves through 4 broad stages
-Sensorimotor
-Preoperational
-Concrete operational
-Formal operational
What is the main focus of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?
Ans✓✓✓Transmission to the next generation of a culture's
-values
-beliefs
-customs
-skills
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
What is developmental science? Ans✓✓✓The study of constancy
and change throughout the lifespan
Why are theories vital tools for developmental researchers?
Ans✓✓✓Theories provide organizing frameworks for our observations
of people. (describes, explains, predicts behavior)
Identify three basic issues on which theories of human development take
a stand. Ans✓✓✓Continuous or discontinuous?
One course of development or many?
Relative influence of nature and nurture?
List examples of nature and nurture. Ans✓✓✓Nature
Hereditary information
Received from parents at conception
Nurture
Physical and
social forces
Influences biological and psychological development
Describe the lifespan perspective on development
Ans✓✓✓Development is
,-lifelong
-multidimensional and multidirectional
-highly plastic
-influenced by multiple, interacting forces
Describe and give examples of age-graded, history-graded, and
nonnormative influences Ans✓✓✓Age-graded: 16 for driving, 18
college, 21 drinking
History-graded: generations such as baby boomers
Nonnormative: not average- individual based- personal choices
What is resilience? What are the factors in resilience? Ans✓✓✓Ability
to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development
1. Personal characteristics
2. Warm parental relationships
3.Social support outside family
4.Community resources and opportunities
What are the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social
learning theory? Ans✓✓✓Contributions:
Behavior modification
, Modeling, observational learning
Limitations:
Narrow view of environmental influences
Underestimates individual's active role
What is the main focus of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Ans✓✓✓Children actively construct knowledge by manipulating and
exploring their world.
Mental structures adapt to better fit with environment.
Development moves through 4 broad stages
-Sensorimotor
-Preoperational
-Concrete operational
-Formal operational
What is the main focus of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?
Ans✓✓✓Transmission to the next generation of a culture's
-values
-beliefs
-customs
-skills
