HOSA Pathophysiology - Nervous
System And urinary system Test
Questions All Answered Correctly
Graded A+
Central Nervous System - Answer includes the brain and spinal cord, processes sensory
inputs, directs activities of the body
Meninges - Answer Includes Pia mater; Arachnoid layer; Dura mater, going from most inner
to outer.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Answer Clear liquid composed of water, protein, glucose, minerals.
Located in subarachnoid space.
Cerebrum - Answer largest part of the brain, directs motor activity; houses intelligence and
personality; sensory information.
Cerebral Cortex - Answer outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray
matter of the brain; divides into lobes w/ specialized functions.
Frontal Lobe - Answer Voluntary muscle actions & speech; governs personality, judgement,
memory...
Temporal Lobe - Answer responsible for hearing, taste, language, and smell.
Parietal Lobe - Answer In charge of interpreting sensory signal from body.
Occipital Lobe - Answer In charge procession visual input
Hypothalamus - Answer Below thalamus; controls body functions, temperature, BP,
breathing... Intermediary between nervous & endocrine system.
Thalamus - Answer Lies below cerebrum; sensory information to cerebral cortex
Cerebellum - Answer Located at the base of the brain; below occipital lobe; Controls smooth
involuntary muscles.
,Pons - Answer Located at the base of the brain; below occipital lobe; Controls smooth
involuntary muscles; Enables equilibrium and muscle tone.
medulla oblongata - Answer Bridge that connects the brain & spinal cord; helps regulate
heart and respiratory rate; controls smooth muscles.
Motor Nerves - Answer Carries info from CNS to muscles and glands; causes contractions,
making muscles move.
Sensory nerves - Answer Relays sensory information from sensory receptors to CNS.
Neurons - Answer Basic unit of nervous system; Contains Dendrites, Axons, and myelin.
Dendrites - Answer Receive information from other cells; Brings info to cell body.
Axons - Answer Sends out signals for other cells
Myelin - Answer Protective and insulating sheath around axons; made of lipoprotein.
Interneuron - Answer Relays information between neurons; From Neuron to Neuron.
Gray Matter - Answer Wrinkly part of brain; contains cell bodies
White matter - Answer White colored axons w/ myelin; controls muscle coordination; steady
movement; contains basal ganglia
Spinal Cord - Answer Carries nerve impulses between brain and body; protected by
vertebrae, meninges, and CSF.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Answer Composed of nerves, ganglia (outside of CNS),
sensory receptors, sensory organs; Contains somatic and autonomic nervous system.
The Somatic System - Answer Controls voluntary muscle actions; inputs from sensory
receptors and organs; Sensory & motor neurons.
, The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Answer Control glands and involuntary muscle; 3
divisions sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric.
Sympathetic (ANS) - Answer Nerves from thoracic and lumbar areas of spinal cord; fight or
flight
Parasympathetic (ANS) - Answer Rest and digest; nerves from cranial and sacral
Enteric (ANS) - Answer Controls gastrointestinal organs; nerves in abdomen
What is a Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer An injury caused by an external force to the head.
What is a common type of Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer Concussion
What are some symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer Headaches, nausea,
confusion, fatigue, memory loss.
What can severe Traumatic Brain Injury lead to? - Answer Impairment of function.
Spinal cord injury - Answer Bruising, compression, fractures of spine; potential loss of
function; falls, crashes...
Epilepsy - Answer Genetics; Chronic brain disorder; causes seizures, loss of consciousness,
and motor control; Focal or generalized
What are the two types of stroke? - Answer Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
What are the risk factors for stroke? - Answer Similar to heart disease
What are common symptoms of a stroke? - Answer Numbness, loss of vision, droopy face
(muscle weakening)
Ischemic stroke - Answer Stroke caused by blood clot; treated w/ clot busting drugs
Hemorrhagic stroke - Answer Stroke from burst of blood vessel; BP reducing drugs, surgery,
rehabilitation.
System And urinary system Test
Questions All Answered Correctly
Graded A+
Central Nervous System - Answer includes the brain and spinal cord, processes sensory
inputs, directs activities of the body
Meninges - Answer Includes Pia mater; Arachnoid layer; Dura mater, going from most inner
to outer.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Answer Clear liquid composed of water, protein, glucose, minerals.
Located in subarachnoid space.
Cerebrum - Answer largest part of the brain, directs motor activity; houses intelligence and
personality; sensory information.
Cerebral Cortex - Answer outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray
matter of the brain; divides into lobes w/ specialized functions.
Frontal Lobe - Answer Voluntary muscle actions & speech; governs personality, judgement,
memory...
Temporal Lobe - Answer responsible for hearing, taste, language, and smell.
Parietal Lobe - Answer In charge of interpreting sensory signal from body.
Occipital Lobe - Answer In charge procession visual input
Hypothalamus - Answer Below thalamus; controls body functions, temperature, BP,
breathing... Intermediary between nervous & endocrine system.
Thalamus - Answer Lies below cerebrum; sensory information to cerebral cortex
Cerebellum - Answer Located at the base of the brain; below occipital lobe; Controls smooth
involuntary muscles.
,Pons - Answer Located at the base of the brain; below occipital lobe; Controls smooth
involuntary muscles; Enables equilibrium and muscle tone.
medulla oblongata - Answer Bridge that connects the brain & spinal cord; helps regulate
heart and respiratory rate; controls smooth muscles.
Motor Nerves - Answer Carries info from CNS to muscles and glands; causes contractions,
making muscles move.
Sensory nerves - Answer Relays sensory information from sensory receptors to CNS.
Neurons - Answer Basic unit of nervous system; Contains Dendrites, Axons, and myelin.
Dendrites - Answer Receive information from other cells; Brings info to cell body.
Axons - Answer Sends out signals for other cells
Myelin - Answer Protective and insulating sheath around axons; made of lipoprotein.
Interneuron - Answer Relays information between neurons; From Neuron to Neuron.
Gray Matter - Answer Wrinkly part of brain; contains cell bodies
White matter - Answer White colored axons w/ myelin; controls muscle coordination; steady
movement; contains basal ganglia
Spinal Cord - Answer Carries nerve impulses between brain and body; protected by
vertebrae, meninges, and CSF.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Answer Composed of nerves, ganglia (outside of CNS),
sensory receptors, sensory organs; Contains somatic and autonomic nervous system.
The Somatic System - Answer Controls voluntary muscle actions; inputs from sensory
receptors and organs; Sensory & motor neurons.
, The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Answer Control glands and involuntary muscle; 3
divisions sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric.
Sympathetic (ANS) - Answer Nerves from thoracic and lumbar areas of spinal cord; fight or
flight
Parasympathetic (ANS) - Answer Rest and digest; nerves from cranial and sacral
Enteric (ANS) - Answer Controls gastrointestinal organs; nerves in abdomen
What is a Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer An injury caused by an external force to the head.
What is a common type of Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer Concussion
What are some symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury? - Answer Headaches, nausea,
confusion, fatigue, memory loss.
What can severe Traumatic Brain Injury lead to? - Answer Impairment of function.
Spinal cord injury - Answer Bruising, compression, fractures of spine; potential loss of
function; falls, crashes...
Epilepsy - Answer Genetics; Chronic brain disorder; causes seizures, loss of consciousness,
and motor control; Focal or generalized
What are the two types of stroke? - Answer Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
What are the risk factors for stroke? - Answer Similar to heart disease
What are common symptoms of a stroke? - Answer Numbness, loss of vision, droopy face
(muscle weakening)
Ischemic stroke - Answer Stroke caused by blood clot; treated w/ clot busting drugs
Hemorrhagic stroke - Answer Stroke from burst of blood vessel; BP reducing drugs, surgery,
rehabilitation.
