PSYC 3351: CHILD DEVELOPMENT- FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Socialization Ans✓✓✓the process through which children acquire the
values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are regarded as
appropriate for their present and future role in their particular culture
Characteristics many Canadian parents try to include: Ans✓✓✓-
making value based decisions, having the self assurance to follow
dreams, generosity
discipline Ans✓✓✓the set of strategies and behaviours parents use to
teach children how to behave properly
Internalization Ans✓✓✓effective discipline that leads to a permanent
change in the child's behavior because the child has learned and
accepted the desired behavior
- often prompted by other oriented induction
punishment Ans✓✓✓a negative stimulus that follows a behaviour to
reduce the likelihood that the behaviour will occur again
- doesnt teach the desired behaviour
- harsh punishments are linked with negative outcomes for children
,parenting style Ans✓✓✓parenting behaviours and attitudes that set the
emotional climate in regard to parent-child interactions, such as parental
responsiveness and demandingness
Two major dimensions of parenting Ans✓✓✓- warmth, responsiveness,
acceptance
- control/ demandingness
How many categories are parents divided into on the basis of where they
fall on the 2 dimensions? Ans✓✓✓4
authoritative parenting Ans✓✓✓parenting style that is high in
demandingness and supportiveness
What are the characteristics of authoritative parenting? Ans✓✓✓clear
standards and limits, considerable autonomy within the limits, attentive
and responsive to children's concerns and needs, respect and consider
children's perspective
Outcomes associated with authoritative parenting Ans✓✓✓competent,
self assured, popular with peers, higher level of adaptive skills (such as
social skills and functional communication), more compliance, more
prosocial behaviour
authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is high in
demandingness and low in responsiveness
,Characteristics of authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓non-responsive to
children's needs, enforce demands through power, oriented toward
obedience and authority, expect compliance without question or
explanation
Outcomes associated with authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓hostility,
low social and academic competence, unhappiness and unfriendliness,
low-self confidence, more aggression, delinquency, and layer alcohol
use
permissive parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is high in
responsiveness but low in demandingness
characteristics of parenting styles Ans✓✓✓responsive to children's
needs, no requirements for children to regulate themselves, no attempts
to make children actin appropriate and mature needs
Outcomes associated with permissive parenting Ans✓✓✓impulsive,
low in self-regulation, high in externalizing problems, low in school
achievement, more school misconduct and drug/alcohol abuse in
adolescence
uninvolved parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is low in both
responsiveness and demandingness to their children
- parents are disengaged
, Outcomes associated with uninvolved parenting Ans✓✓✓disturbed
attachment relationships in infancy and toddlerhood, problems with peer
relationships as older children, more antisocial behaviour, lower
academic competence, more internalizing problems, more drugs and
risky sexual behaviour in adolescence
Bidirectionality of parent child interactions Ans✓✓✓the idea that
parents and their children are mutually affected by one another's
characteristics and behaviors
coercive cycles Ans✓✓✓child misbehaves, parents get harsher, child
misbehaves more
differential susceptibility Ans✓✓✓Children with anxious temperaments
do very poorly with harsh and demanding parenting, but very well with
warm and responsive parenting
- There's at least one gene variant that's known to make children
especially responsive to rearing environment
Sibling relationships Ans✓✓✓- can be peer like
- characterized by sharing and reciprocity
- can be parent-child like: older siblings having more power and
influence over the younger
Siblings can be sources of Ans✓✓✓Support
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Socialization Ans✓✓✓the process through which children acquire the
values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are regarded as
appropriate for their present and future role in their particular culture
Characteristics many Canadian parents try to include: Ans✓✓✓-
making value based decisions, having the self assurance to follow
dreams, generosity
discipline Ans✓✓✓the set of strategies and behaviours parents use to
teach children how to behave properly
Internalization Ans✓✓✓effective discipline that leads to a permanent
change in the child's behavior because the child has learned and
accepted the desired behavior
- often prompted by other oriented induction
punishment Ans✓✓✓a negative stimulus that follows a behaviour to
reduce the likelihood that the behaviour will occur again
- doesnt teach the desired behaviour
- harsh punishments are linked with negative outcomes for children
,parenting style Ans✓✓✓parenting behaviours and attitudes that set the
emotional climate in regard to parent-child interactions, such as parental
responsiveness and demandingness
Two major dimensions of parenting Ans✓✓✓- warmth, responsiveness,
acceptance
- control/ demandingness
How many categories are parents divided into on the basis of where they
fall on the 2 dimensions? Ans✓✓✓4
authoritative parenting Ans✓✓✓parenting style that is high in
demandingness and supportiveness
What are the characteristics of authoritative parenting? Ans✓✓✓clear
standards and limits, considerable autonomy within the limits, attentive
and responsive to children's concerns and needs, respect and consider
children's perspective
Outcomes associated with authoritative parenting Ans✓✓✓competent,
self assured, popular with peers, higher level of adaptive skills (such as
social skills and functional communication), more compliance, more
prosocial behaviour
authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is high in
demandingness and low in responsiveness
,Characteristics of authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓non-responsive to
children's needs, enforce demands through power, oriented toward
obedience and authority, expect compliance without question or
explanation
Outcomes associated with authoritarian parenting Ans✓✓✓hostility,
low social and academic competence, unhappiness and unfriendliness,
low-self confidence, more aggression, delinquency, and layer alcohol
use
permissive parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is high in
responsiveness but low in demandingness
characteristics of parenting styles Ans✓✓✓responsive to children's
needs, no requirements for children to regulate themselves, no attempts
to make children actin appropriate and mature needs
Outcomes associated with permissive parenting Ans✓✓✓impulsive,
low in self-regulation, high in externalizing problems, low in school
achievement, more school misconduct and drug/alcohol abuse in
adolescence
uninvolved parenting Ans✓✓✓a parenting style that is low in both
responsiveness and demandingness to their children
- parents are disengaged
, Outcomes associated with uninvolved parenting Ans✓✓✓disturbed
attachment relationships in infancy and toddlerhood, problems with peer
relationships as older children, more antisocial behaviour, lower
academic competence, more internalizing problems, more drugs and
risky sexual behaviour in adolescence
Bidirectionality of parent child interactions Ans✓✓✓the idea that
parents and their children are mutually affected by one another's
characteristics and behaviors
coercive cycles Ans✓✓✓child misbehaves, parents get harsher, child
misbehaves more
differential susceptibility Ans✓✓✓Children with anxious temperaments
do very poorly with harsh and demanding parenting, but very well with
warm and responsive parenting
- There's at least one gene variant that's known to make children
especially responsive to rearing environment
Sibling relationships Ans✓✓✓- can be peer like
- characterized by sharing and reciprocity
- can be parent-child like: older siblings having more power and
influence over the younger
Siblings can be sources of Ans✓✓✓Support
