PSY 3331 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Thin-Slicing Ans✓✓✓Observing people's appearance or a small
selection of their behaviors and drawing
conclusions about them.
Recency Effect Ans✓✓✓When information presented last in a list
it is remembered better (limited cognitive resources).
dependent variable Ans✓✓✓The variable that is measured. A change in
this variable is predicted to be caused by the independent variable (i.e.,
manipulation).
Holistic Thinking Ans✓✓✓People with this thinking style pay attention
to
and take into account the situational elements of stimuli and events.
People with interdependent self-construal tend to have this style.
Internal Attribution Ans✓✓✓Explaining behavior by the aspects of the
person, such as personality, traits, ability, wishes...
Theories Ans✓✓✓general ideas on how different constructs (variables)
relate to each other
,Hypothesis Ans✓✓✓Testable and specific prediction. Can be derived
from a theory, observations, or personal experience.
Naturalistic Observation Ans✓✓✓•Observation of naturally occurring
events without interfering
• Record particular aspects of those events
• Look for relations among elements in the events
Validity Ans✓✓✓Does the tool you use measure what it is supposed to
measure?
Reliability Ans✓✓✓How consistent is your measurement across items,
over time, and across populations?
Response Bias Ans✓✓✓How an individual responds to a question/item
independent of the content of the item.
Acquiescence bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to agree with most items on a
measure regardless of content.
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) Ans✓✓✓Tendency for people
(especially independent/individualistic) to underestimate situational
influences & overestimate person influences on others' behavior.
,Reverse causation Ans✓✓✓Correlation between two variables but can
go in the opposite direction such as marriage causes happiness
Availability Heuristic Ans✓✓✓Judging the likelihood of events based
on their availability in memory.
Priming Ans✓✓✓Presenting people with certain stimuli or putting them
in a situation to momentarily make
them think/feel/act in a certain way.
Independent variable Ans✓✓✓• The variable that is manipulated by the
researcher
• The independent variable is hypothesized to cause changes in the
dependent variables
Interdependent Self Ans✓✓✓People with this self-view are more likely
to
define themselves in relation to their groups, friends, family, and social
roles (e.g., I'm a member of the rowing team)
Actor-observer Bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to attribute one's own behavior
to
situational causes & others' behavior to dispositional causes
Self-Handicapping Ans✓✓✓Strategy where people create excuses for
, themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming
themselves and prevent
loss of face.
Random Assignment Ans✓✓✓Assigning participants to experimental
groups
randomly (e.g., by tossing a coin) to reduce the possibility that pre-
existing differences between people explain the results.
Ego-Depletion Ans✓✓✓The idea that previous acts of self-control
drain
our ability to control our future behavior.
Self-Serving Bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to attribute one's failures to
external
causes and success to internal causes.
Downward Social Comparison Ans✓✓✓A self-enhancement strategy.
Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a
certain trait or ability.
Confirmation Bias Ans✓✓✓The tendency to test an idea by searching
for evidence that would support it.
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Thin-Slicing Ans✓✓✓Observing people's appearance or a small
selection of their behaviors and drawing
conclusions about them.
Recency Effect Ans✓✓✓When information presented last in a list
it is remembered better (limited cognitive resources).
dependent variable Ans✓✓✓The variable that is measured. A change in
this variable is predicted to be caused by the independent variable (i.e.,
manipulation).
Holistic Thinking Ans✓✓✓People with this thinking style pay attention
to
and take into account the situational elements of stimuli and events.
People with interdependent self-construal tend to have this style.
Internal Attribution Ans✓✓✓Explaining behavior by the aspects of the
person, such as personality, traits, ability, wishes...
Theories Ans✓✓✓general ideas on how different constructs (variables)
relate to each other
,Hypothesis Ans✓✓✓Testable and specific prediction. Can be derived
from a theory, observations, or personal experience.
Naturalistic Observation Ans✓✓✓•Observation of naturally occurring
events without interfering
• Record particular aspects of those events
• Look for relations among elements in the events
Validity Ans✓✓✓Does the tool you use measure what it is supposed to
measure?
Reliability Ans✓✓✓How consistent is your measurement across items,
over time, and across populations?
Response Bias Ans✓✓✓How an individual responds to a question/item
independent of the content of the item.
Acquiescence bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to agree with most items on a
measure regardless of content.
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) Ans✓✓✓Tendency for people
(especially independent/individualistic) to underestimate situational
influences & overestimate person influences on others' behavior.
,Reverse causation Ans✓✓✓Correlation between two variables but can
go in the opposite direction such as marriage causes happiness
Availability Heuristic Ans✓✓✓Judging the likelihood of events based
on their availability in memory.
Priming Ans✓✓✓Presenting people with certain stimuli or putting them
in a situation to momentarily make
them think/feel/act in a certain way.
Independent variable Ans✓✓✓• The variable that is manipulated by the
researcher
• The independent variable is hypothesized to cause changes in the
dependent variables
Interdependent Self Ans✓✓✓People with this self-view are more likely
to
define themselves in relation to their groups, friends, family, and social
roles (e.g., I'm a member of the rowing team)
Actor-observer Bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to attribute one's own behavior
to
situational causes & others' behavior to dispositional causes
Self-Handicapping Ans✓✓✓Strategy where people create excuses for
, themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming
themselves and prevent
loss of face.
Random Assignment Ans✓✓✓Assigning participants to experimental
groups
randomly (e.g., by tossing a coin) to reduce the possibility that pre-
existing differences between people explain the results.
Ego-Depletion Ans✓✓✓The idea that previous acts of self-control
drain
our ability to control our future behavior.
Self-Serving Bias Ans✓✓✓Tendency to attribute one's failures to
external
causes and success to internal causes.
Downward Social Comparison Ans✓✓✓A self-enhancement strategy.
Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a
certain trait or ability.
Confirmation Bias Ans✓✓✓The tendency to test an idea by searching
for evidence that would support it.
