PSY311 TEST 1 LECTURE NOTES QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Social Development is a sub-field of Developmental Psychology that
studies Ans✓✓✓- "changes over time (KEY VARIABLE) in the child's
understanding of attitudes toward, and actions of others."
- "the small child's activities and feelings, control of emotions and will"-
basically focuses on children as unique individuals and NOT as adults
Social Development includes the following aspects Ans✓✓✓- affective
- cognitive (i.e., social cognition: social and emotional behaviour with
others)
- social
Social Psychology focuses on Ans✓✓✓how we relate to others and
how others influence our behaviours, feelings and thoughts
Why are children studied? Ans✓✓✓- Because of an interest in children
(i.e., what is my child supposed to do at age X? To understand what is
typical and what is not)
> Practical implications (by using charts)
> Theoretical implications (by just trying to understand how something
works)
,- Because of an interest in adults (questions about the nature and product
of development - in order to understand why adults behave the way they
do)
Three periods of social development research Ans✓✓✓- Emergence
(1870s - 1900s)
- Middle Period (1900s - 1960s)
- Modern Era (1960w - today)
Emergence (1870s - 1900s) Ans✓✓✓Baby biographies (Darwin, Hall) -
same questions as today but different methods
Baby biographies Ans✓✓✓- everything is written down about the
baby's
- helps to see change overtime
- it is an empirical approach
- helps to bring children into a developmental focus
Middle Period (1900s - 1960s) Ans✓✓✓- Maturationalist approach
- Environmentalist approach
- Socialization
NONE of these theories are perfect and are NOT in active ages (they all
have limitations)
,Maturationalist approach Ans✓✓✓Chart and describe the unfolding of
endowed characteristics.
- biological endowment
- heredity: what we inherit
- maturation unfolding according to the plan, in order, biologically
Environmentalist approach Ans✓✓✓Watson (Behaviourism) -
experimentally and objectively determine how the child learns
- by what/who is around
- classical conditioning (reinforcement, punishment, etc.)
- nature ALWAYS has a big impact
Socialization Ans✓✓✓Psychoanalytic and sociological theory - how do
adults contribute to child growth and development
- modelling behaviour, observation (i.e., child who looks up to mom/dad
(more of what they do instead of what they say)
- language development (based on how/where you learn it)
Modern Era (1960s - today) Ans✓✓✓- Structuralist approach
- Normative-descriptive focus resulting in Stage theories
Structuralist approach Ans✓✓✓Piaget, Kohlberg - Social processes are
important and the child is an active agent.
, - the child will seek a developmental niche (things that interest them)
- biological makeup plays a role
- a child can be exposed to things by parents
Specifying developmental processes Ans✓✓✓- The search for
developmental processes (maturational, behaviourism (i.e.,
reinforcement, punishment), psychoanalytic (i.e., Freud's theory), social
learning (i.e., observation))
- Mediational processes in social development: Structural reorganization
of thought and action (Piaget, Kohlberg) as developmental change
agents
Expanded view of regulatory Processes (how do we regulate our
behaviour?) Ans✓✓✓- Socialization (shift away from exclusive top-
down processes)
> horizontal: the child will learn from their peers
- Self-regulation (coping with stress, emotional regulation, the individual
difference in temperament)
Expanded units of social experience Ans✓✓✓- Diadic units of analysis
(mom-child - Bowlby's theory) (i.e., studying mom with the child - is the
mom there? is the mom patient? is dad there? etc.)
- Shift away from "Early Determinism" - studies of children brought up
in orphanages
- Peers - bidirectional influences
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED
Social Development is a sub-field of Developmental Psychology that
studies Ans✓✓✓- "changes over time (KEY VARIABLE) in the child's
understanding of attitudes toward, and actions of others."
- "the small child's activities and feelings, control of emotions and will"-
basically focuses on children as unique individuals and NOT as adults
Social Development includes the following aspects Ans✓✓✓- affective
- cognitive (i.e., social cognition: social and emotional behaviour with
others)
- social
Social Psychology focuses on Ans✓✓✓how we relate to others and
how others influence our behaviours, feelings and thoughts
Why are children studied? Ans✓✓✓- Because of an interest in children
(i.e., what is my child supposed to do at age X? To understand what is
typical and what is not)
> Practical implications (by using charts)
> Theoretical implications (by just trying to understand how something
works)
,- Because of an interest in adults (questions about the nature and product
of development - in order to understand why adults behave the way they
do)
Three periods of social development research Ans✓✓✓- Emergence
(1870s - 1900s)
- Middle Period (1900s - 1960s)
- Modern Era (1960w - today)
Emergence (1870s - 1900s) Ans✓✓✓Baby biographies (Darwin, Hall) -
same questions as today but different methods
Baby biographies Ans✓✓✓- everything is written down about the
baby's
- helps to see change overtime
- it is an empirical approach
- helps to bring children into a developmental focus
Middle Period (1900s - 1960s) Ans✓✓✓- Maturationalist approach
- Environmentalist approach
- Socialization
NONE of these theories are perfect and are NOT in active ages (they all
have limitations)
,Maturationalist approach Ans✓✓✓Chart and describe the unfolding of
endowed characteristics.
- biological endowment
- heredity: what we inherit
- maturation unfolding according to the plan, in order, biologically
Environmentalist approach Ans✓✓✓Watson (Behaviourism) -
experimentally and objectively determine how the child learns
- by what/who is around
- classical conditioning (reinforcement, punishment, etc.)
- nature ALWAYS has a big impact
Socialization Ans✓✓✓Psychoanalytic and sociological theory - how do
adults contribute to child growth and development
- modelling behaviour, observation (i.e., child who looks up to mom/dad
(more of what they do instead of what they say)
- language development (based on how/where you learn it)
Modern Era (1960s - today) Ans✓✓✓- Structuralist approach
- Normative-descriptive focus resulting in Stage theories
Structuralist approach Ans✓✓✓Piaget, Kohlberg - Social processes are
important and the child is an active agent.
, - the child will seek a developmental niche (things that interest them)
- biological makeup plays a role
- a child can be exposed to things by parents
Specifying developmental processes Ans✓✓✓- The search for
developmental processes (maturational, behaviourism (i.e.,
reinforcement, punishment), psychoanalytic (i.e., Freud's theory), social
learning (i.e., observation))
- Mediational processes in social development: Structural reorganization
of thought and action (Piaget, Kohlberg) as developmental change
agents
Expanded view of regulatory Processes (how do we regulate our
behaviour?) Ans✓✓✓- Socialization (shift away from exclusive top-
down processes)
> horizontal: the child will learn from their peers
- Self-regulation (coping with stress, emotional regulation, the individual
difference in temperament)
Expanded units of social experience Ans✓✓✓- Diadic units of analysis
(mom-child - Bowlby's theory) (i.e., studying mom with the child - is the
mom there? is the mom patient? is dad there? etc.)
- Shift away from "Early Determinism" - studies of children brought up
in orphanages
- Peers - bidirectional influences
