WGU C955 Formulas and Key Concepts
Applied Probability and Statistics
C955 Formulas and Key Concepts
This summary of the formulas and key concepts is intended to supplement
the MindEdge textbook and should not be treated as a replacement.
(Please use this document to help you review material, not to learn it in the
first place.)
Table of Contents
Module 1: Basic Numeracy & Calculation Skills ..................................... 2
Module 2: Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages....................................... 3
Module 3: Basic Algebra........................................................................... 4
Module 4: Descriptive Statistics for a Single Variable ............................ 5
Module 5: Descriptive Statistics for Two Variables .............................. 10
Module 6: Correlation & Regression ...................................................... 12
Module 7: Probability .............................................................................. 15
,Module 1: Basic Numeracy & Calculation Skills
Intervals: Pages 1.05-1.05.1
An open circle denotes that the value is not to be included.
o Example for “Less Than”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
o Example for “Greater Than”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A closed circle means that the value is included.
o Example for “Less Than or Equal To”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
o Example for “Greater Than or Equal To”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Sign rule for multiplication and division: Page 1.08
Multiplying the same signs will result in a positive number
o ➕×➕= ➕
o ➖×➖= ➕
Multiplying different signs will result in a negative number
o ➖×➕= ➖
o ➕×➖= ➖
Order of Operations: Pages 1.12-1.13
Remember the acronym PEMDAS
o Parentheses
o Exponents
o Multiplication or Division (Left to Right)
o Additions or Subtraction (Left to Right)
2
, Module 2: Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages
Converting Decimals, Fractions, and Percentages: Page 2.14
Decimals, Fractions, and Percentages are just different ways of
showing the same value
1
o = 0.25 = 25%
4
Unit Conversions: Pages 2.15-2.15.3
(only the most common; a complete list can be found in MindEdge on page
2.15)
Common Unit Conversions for Household Measures of Volume:
o 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
o 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons
o The conversions involving one gallon can be visualized below:
Common Metric Conversions:
o 1 L = 1000 mL
o 1 kg = 1000 g
o 1 g = 1000 mg (milligrams)
3
Applied Probability and Statistics
C955 Formulas and Key Concepts
This summary of the formulas and key concepts is intended to supplement
the MindEdge textbook and should not be treated as a replacement.
(Please use this document to help you review material, not to learn it in the
first place.)
Table of Contents
Module 1: Basic Numeracy & Calculation Skills ..................................... 2
Module 2: Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages....................................... 3
Module 3: Basic Algebra........................................................................... 4
Module 4: Descriptive Statistics for a Single Variable ............................ 5
Module 5: Descriptive Statistics for Two Variables .............................. 10
Module 6: Correlation & Regression ...................................................... 12
Module 7: Probability .............................................................................. 15
,Module 1: Basic Numeracy & Calculation Skills
Intervals: Pages 1.05-1.05.1
An open circle denotes that the value is not to be included.
o Example for “Less Than”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
o Example for “Greater Than”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A closed circle means that the value is included.
o Example for “Less Than or Equal To”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
o Example for “Greater Than or Equal To”
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Sign rule for multiplication and division: Page 1.08
Multiplying the same signs will result in a positive number
o ➕×➕= ➕
o ➖×➖= ➕
Multiplying different signs will result in a negative number
o ➖×➕= ➖
o ➕×➖= ➖
Order of Operations: Pages 1.12-1.13
Remember the acronym PEMDAS
o Parentheses
o Exponents
o Multiplication or Division (Left to Right)
o Additions or Subtraction (Left to Right)
2
, Module 2: Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages
Converting Decimals, Fractions, and Percentages: Page 2.14
Decimals, Fractions, and Percentages are just different ways of
showing the same value
1
o = 0.25 = 25%
4
Unit Conversions: Pages 2.15-2.15.3
(only the most common; a complete list can be found in MindEdge on page
2.15)
Common Unit Conversions for Household Measures of Volume:
o 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
o 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons
o The conversions involving one gallon can be visualized below:
Common Metric Conversions:
o 1 L = 1000 mL
o 1 kg = 1000 g
o 1 g = 1000 mg (milligrams)
3
