Bio 1233 Haro UTSA Final Exam With
Complete Solutions
Null Hypothesis - ANSWER A hypothesis (H0) that states a lack of relationship
between two factors. The opposite of the alternative hypothesis, (H1). A
hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. The 'null'
often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis
is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon. An
experiment conclusion always refers to the null, rejecting or accepting H0
rather than H1.
Research Hypothesis - ANSWER A proposed explanation for observed
phenomena, in the form of a statement, created by researchers when they
speculate upon the outcome of a research experiment that is testable, falsifiable
and realistic.
Biological Literacy - ANSWER The ability to (i) use the process of scientific
inquiry to think about real-world issues that have a biological component, (ii)
communicate these thoughts to others, and (3) integrate these ideas into your
decision making.
Science - ANSWER An intellectual activity, encompassing observation,
description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena.
Biology - ANSWER The study of living things.
Critical Experiment - ANSWER An experiment that makes it possible to
decisively determine whether a particular hypothesis is correct.
Superstition - ANSWER The irrational belief that actions that are not logically
related to a course of events can influence its outcome.
Scientific Observation - ANSWER Receiving knowledge of the outside world
through our senses, or recording information using scientific tools and
instruments. Any data recorded during an experiment can be called an
observation.
Controlled Experiment - ANSWER An experiment in which an observer tests a
hypothesis by looking for changes brought on a system by holding constant all
variables but the one under observation. The evidence confirms or disproves
the idea (hypothesis) used as an explanation for a natural event.
,Scientific Conclusion - ANSWER A researcher’s summary of what he/she
believes has been learned from the research, which includes an assessment of
the strength of the hypothesis. Even if the null hypothesis is accepted, a strong
conclusion will analyze why the results were not as predicted.
Placebo - ANSWER A pill that looks identical to the tablet containing the test
substance but contains no active ingredient.
Scientific Prediction - ANSWER Logical consequences of the hypothesis.
Scientific Method - ANSWER The process of examination and discovery that
includes observation, hypothesis, prediction, test and conclusion.
Scientific Literacy - ANSWER A general, fact-based understanding of the basics
of biology and other sciences.
Theory - ANSWER An explanatory hypothesis for natural phenomena that is
exceptionally well supported by the empirical data.
Empirical - ANSWER Knowledge based on experience and observations that are
rational, testable, and repeatable. All evidence used must be observable by one
of the five senses, OR be made observable by a machine that we build.
Variable - ANSWER Characteristics of an experimental system that are subject
to change.
Anecdotal Observation - ANSWER Based on just one or a few observations
people conclude that there is or is not a link between two things.
Randomized - ANSWER Subjects are arbitrarily assigned into experimental and
control groups.
Statistics - ANSWER A set of analytical and mathematical tools designed to help
researchergains understanding from the data they gather.
Double-Blind Experimental Design - ANSWER Neither the experimental subjects
nor the nor he experimenter know which treatment the subject is receiving.
Experimental Group - ANSWER A group of subjects who are exposed to a
particular treatment.
Independent Variable - ANSWER In a controlled experiment is the only factor
that is allowed to be adjusted.
, Blind Experimental Design - ANSWER Experimental subjects do not know which
treatment (if any) they are receiving.
Pseudoscience - ANSWER Individuals make scientific-sounding claims that are
not supported by trustworthy, methodical scientific studies.
Treatment - ANSWER Any experimental condition applied to the research
subjects.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER In a controlled experiment is the factor that the
independent variable will affect.
Positive Correlation - ANSWER When one variable increases, so does the other.
Control Group - ANSWER A group of subjects who are treated identically to the
experimental group, with one exception - they are not exposed to the treatment.
Placebo Effect - ANSWER The frequently observed, poorly understood
phenomenon in which people respond favorably to any treatment.
Electron - ANSWER Negatively charged particles whirling in a cloud around the
nucleus of an atom.
Polysaccharide - ANSWER Large numbers of simple sugars bonded together.
Macromolecule - ANSWER Large molecules made up from smaller building
blocks or subunits.
Simple Sugar - ANSWER The simplest carbohydrates.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER A strong bond that forms when two atoms share
electrons.
Periodic Table - ANSWER Arrangement of all the known elements in a scheme,
in the order of their atomic number.
Protons - ANSWER Particles that have a positive electrical charge.
Cellulose - ANSWER A polysaccharide that forms a huge variety of plant
structures.
Chitin - ANSWER A complex carbohydrate that forms the skeleton of most
insects and crustaceans (such as lobsters and crabs).
Glycogen - ANSWER Glucose molecules linked together to form a large web of
molecules serving as stored fuel in animals.
Complete Solutions
Null Hypothesis - ANSWER A hypothesis (H0) that states a lack of relationship
between two factors. The opposite of the alternative hypothesis, (H1). A
hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. The 'null'
often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis
is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon. An
experiment conclusion always refers to the null, rejecting or accepting H0
rather than H1.
Research Hypothesis - ANSWER A proposed explanation for observed
phenomena, in the form of a statement, created by researchers when they
speculate upon the outcome of a research experiment that is testable, falsifiable
and realistic.
Biological Literacy - ANSWER The ability to (i) use the process of scientific
inquiry to think about real-world issues that have a biological component, (ii)
communicate these thoughts to others, and (3) integrate these ideas into your
decision making.
Science - ANSWER An intellectual activity, encompassing observation,
description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena.
Biology - ANSWER The study of living things.
Critical Experiment - ANSWER An experiment that makes it possible to
decisively determine whether a particular hypothesis is correct.
Superstition - ANSWER The irrational belief that actions that are not logically
related to a course of events can influence its outcome.
Scientific Observation - ANSWER Receiving knowledge of the outside world
through our senses, or recording information using scientific tools and
instruments. Any data recorded during an experiment can be called an
observation.
Controlled Experiment - ANSWER An experiment in which an observer tests a
hypothesis by looking for changes brought on a system by holding constant all
variables but the one under observation. The evidence confirms or disproves
the idea (hypothesis) used as an explanation for a natural event.
,Scientific Conclusion - ANSWER A researcher’s summary of what he/she
believes has been learned from the research, which includes an assessment of
the strength of the hypothesis. Even if the null hypothesis is accepted, a strong
conclusion will analyze why the results were not as predicted.
Placebo - ANSWER A pill that looks identical to the tablet containing the test
substance but contains no active ingredient.
Scientific Prediction - ANSWER Logical consequences of the hypothesis.
Scientific Method - ANSWER The process of examination and discovery that
includes observation, hypothesis, prediction, test and conclusion.
Scientific Literacy - ANSWER A general, fact-based understanding of the basics
of biology and other sciences.
Theory - ANSWER An explanatory hypothesis for natural phenomena that is
exceptionally well supported by the empirical data.
Empirical - ANSWER Knowledge based on experience and observations that are
rational, testable, and repeatable. All evidence used must be observable by one
of the five senses, OR be made observable by a machine that we build.
Variable - ANSWER Characteristics of an experimental system that are subject
to change.
Anecdotal Observation - ANSWER Based on just one or a few observations
people conclude that there is or is not a link between two things.
Randomized - ANSWER Subjects are arbitrarily assigned into experimental and
control groups.
Statistics - ANSWER A set of analytical and mathematical tools designed to help
researchergains understanding from the data they gather.
Double-Blind Experimental Design - ANSWER Neither the experimental subjects
nor the nor he experimenter know which treatment the subject is receiving.
Experimental Group - ANSWER A group of subjects who are exposed to a
particular treatment.
Independent Variable - ANSWER In a controlled experiment is the only factor
that is allowed to be adjusted.
, Blind Experimental Design - ANSWER Experimental subjects do not know which
treatment (if any) they are receiving.
Pseudoscience - ANSWER Individuals make scientific-sounding claims that are
not supported by trustworthy, methodical scientific studies.
Treatment - ANSWER Any experimental condition applied to the research
subjects.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER In a controlled experiment is the factor that the
independent variable will affect.
Positive Correlation - ANSWER When one variable increases, so does the other.
Control Group - ANSWER A group of subjects who are treated identically to the
experimental group, with one exception - they are not exposed to the treatment.
Placebo Effect - ANSWER The frequently observed, poorly understood
phenomenon in which people respond favorably to any treatment.
Electron - ANSWER Negatively charged particles whirling in a cloud around the
nucleus of an atom.
Polysaccharide - ANSWER Large numbers of simple sugars bonded together.
Macromolecule - ANSWER Large molecules made up from smaller building
blocks or subunits.
Simple Sugar - ANSWER The simplest carbohydrates.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER A strong bond that forms when two atoms share
electrons.
Periodic Table - ANSWER Arrangement of all the known elements in a scheme,
in the order of their atomic number.
Protons - ANSWER Particles that have a positive electrical charge.
Cellulose - ANSWER A polysaccharide that forms a huge variety of plant
structures.
Chitin - ANSWER A complex carbohydrate that forms the skeleton of most
insects and crustaceans (such as lobsters and crabs).
Glycogen - ANSWER Glucose molecules linked together to form a large web of
molecules serving as stored fuel in animals.
