CHEM 103 EXAM 1 REVIEW - UW
MADISON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT RATED A+
Q: How is an acid defined in a chemical context?
A: ✔️✔️ An acid is a solution characterized by an abundance of hydrogen ions
($H^+$).
Q: What characterizes a chemical base?
A: ✔️✔️ A base is a solution containing an excess of hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).
Q: What occurs during a neutralization process?
A: ✔️✔️ This is the chemical interaction where an acid and a base are combined
in specific proportions to cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral solution
with a pH of 7.
Q: What are the two typical results of a neutralization reaction?
A: ✔️✔️ The reaction consistently produces water and a salt. (Note: The
specific type of salt formed is determined by the specific acid and base used in
the reaction.)
Q: What distinguishes a weak acid from a strong one?
A: ✔️✔️ A weak acid is one that does not fully dissociate in water; only a
fraction of its molecules break apart into ions, while the rest remain intact.
pH -ANSWER ✔️✔️is a measurement of how acidic or how basic a solution is.
Why is pH important to biology? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Cells survive in a specific pH
range.
Human blood is maintain at 7pH for homostasis.
The stomach has acids to break down food.
Bile from the liver is a base which breaks down fats & grease.
What is a buffer? -ANSWER ✔️✔️a substance to help to neutralize/balance pH
levels.
,What are pH indicators? -ANSWER ✔️✔️They are used to tell you the pH value.
Examples are phenalphelein and bromthymol blue.
What are the properties of an acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️taste sour, conduct
electricity, corrosive, reacts with metals, turns litmus paper red.
Give examples of acids -ANSWER ✔️✔️HCL which is in your stomack.
Sulfuric acid which is used a lot in industries to make fertilzers, paints, etc.
Tums antacid used to neutralize stomach acids.
What are some uses of bases? -ANSWER ✔️✔️soaps and cleaning products
used in batteries
What are some examples of bases? -ANSWER ✔️✔️lye used to make soap.
Liquid plummer used for clogged drains. Baking Soda and Baking powder
What is the main neutral substance? -ANSWER ✔️✔️water
How is a salt chemically formed? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When you add acid or base to
neutralize a solution the products formed are water and salts.
A change in pH units represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution
(logarithmic scale). If one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a
pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic a the second it is ______times
more acidic. -ANSWER ✔️✔️ten (logarithmic)
What is a pH scale? -ANSWER ✔️✔️a logarithmic scale that indicates the pH of
a solution. It ranges from 0 - 14.
On the pH scale, what numbers represent an acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️0-6
On the pH scale, what numbers represent a base? -ANSWER ✔️✔️8-14
On the pH scale, what number represents a neutral solution? -ANSWER ✔️✔️7
What is a weak acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️An acid that only partially ionizes (breaks
down) in a solution. Weak acids are close to 7pH
,What is a weak base? -ANSWER ✔️✔️A weak base will only parttally ionize in
a solution. This means that not every molecule breaks apart.
What is a chemical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When a change in composition
occurs giving new substances with new properties.
Example when wood changes to carbon. Wood and carbon do not have similar
properties.
WHat is a physical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When a change does NOT change
the composition.
What are indicators of a chemical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Observations such
as what you see( color change, precipitant (solids in solutions)
Hear-boom Smell Taste-sour/sweet Feel-hot or cold.
Also, bubbles indicate gas..
What is the law of conservation of mass? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Mass is not created
nor destroyed.
What is a chemical formula? -ANSWER ✔️✔️-chemical symbols represent
molecules with subscripts to represent the number of that element.
NaCl represents table salt.
Reactants are on the right or left of the -> (yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️left
Products are on the left or right of the ->(yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️right
What does the -> represent in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️yield or to
produce
What is a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️It represents with chemical
formulas a chemical change/reaction.
When one molecule splits apart and switch places this is called a __ reaction. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️replacement type of chemical reaction
, What is a reactant in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️They are substances
that are present before the chemical change takes place. They are what you put
into the chemical reaction to cause a chemical change.
What is a product in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Chemicals that are
formed during the chemical change.
When energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction it is a __reaction. -ANSWER
✔️✔️endothermic
When energy is released in a cheicial reaction it is a __reaction> -ANSWER
✔️✔️exothermic ( usually in the form of heat)
What does a neutralization chemical reaction produce? -ANSWER ✔️✔️water
and salt
A chemical reaction is when a __ change has occurred. -ANSWER
✔️✔️chemical
What happens to the old molecules in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER
✔️✔️They rearrange into new molecules
What is activation energy? -ANSWER ✔️✔️The energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
What is a coefficient? -ANSWER ✔️✔️The number in front of a chemical
formula which tells how many of that molecules is needed to balance the
chemical equation.
Chemical reactions will produce -ANSWER ✔️✔️new substances.
A __ represents a chemical reaction -ANSWER ✔️✔️chemical equation
What happens in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER ✔️✔️bonds between atoms are
broken and new bonds are formed.
MADISON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT RATED A+
Q: How is an acid defined in a chemical context?
A: ✔️✔️ An acid is a solution characterized by an abundance of hydrogen ions
($H^+$).
Q: What characterizes a chemical base?
A: ✔️✔️ A base is a solution containing an excess of hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).
Q: What occurs during a neutralization process?
A: ✔️✔️ This is the chemical interaction where an acid and a base are combined
in specific proportions to cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral solution
with a pH of 7.
Q: What are the two typical results of a neutralization reaction?
A: ✔️✔️ The reaction consistently produces water and a salt. (Note: The
specific type of salt formed is determined by the specific acid and base used in
the reaction.)
Q: What distinguishes a weak acid from a strong one?
A: ✔️✔️ A weak acid is one that does not fully dissociate in water; only a
fraction of its molecules break apart into ions, while the rest remain intact.
pH -ANSWER ✔️✔️is a measurement of how acidic or how basic a solution is.
Why is pH important to biology? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Cells survive in a specific pH
range.
Human blood is maintain at 7pH for homostasis.
The stomach has acids to break down food.
Bile from the liver is a base which breaks down fats & grease.
What is a buffer? -ANSWER ✔️✔️a substance to help to neutralize/balance pH
levels.
,What are pH indicators? -ANSWER ✔️✔️They are used to tell you the pH value.
Examples are phenalphelein and bromthymol blue.
What are the properties of an acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️taste sour, conduct
electricity, corrosive, reacts with metals, turns litmus paper red.
Give examples of acids -ANSWER ✔️✔️HCL which is in your stomack.
Sulfuric acid which is used a lot in industries to make fertilzers, paints, etc.
Tums antacid used to neutralize stomach acids.
What are some uses of bases? -ANSWER ✔️✔️soaps and cleaning products
used in batteries
What are some examples of bases? -ANSWER ✔️✔️lye used to make soap.
Liquid plummer used for clogged drains. Baking Soda and Baking powder
What is the main neutral substance? -ANSWER ✔️✔️water
How is a salt chemically formed? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When you add acid or base to
neutralize a solution the products formed are water and salts.
A change in pH units represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution
(logarithmic scale). If one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a
pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic a the second it is ______times
more acidic. -ANSWER ✔️✔️ten (logarithmic)
What is a pH scale? -ANSWER ✔️✔️a logarithmic scale that indicates the pH of
a solution. It ranges from 0 - 14.
On the pH scale, what numbers represent an acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️0-6
On the pH scale, what numbers represent a base? -ANSWER ✔️✔️8-14
On the pH scale, what number represents a neutral solution? -ANSWER ✔️✔️7
What is a weak acid? -ANSWER ✔️✔️An acid that only partially ionizes (breaks
down) in a solution. Weak acids are close to 7pH
,What is a weak base? -ANSWER ✔️✔️A weak base will only parttally ionize in
a solution. This means that not every molecule breaks apart.
What is a chemical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When a change in composition
occurs giving new substances with new properties.
Example when wood changes to carbon. Wood and carbon do not have similar
properties.
WHat is a physical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️When a change does NOT change
the composition.
What are indicators of a chemical change? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Observations such
as what you see( color change, precipitant (solids in solutions)
Hear-boom Smell Taste-sour/sweet Feel-hot or cold.
Also, bubbles indicate gas..
What is the law of conservation of mass? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Mass is not created
nor destroyed.
What is a chemical formula? -ANSWER ✔️✔️-chemical symbols represent
molecules with subscripts to represent the number of that element.
NaCl represents table salt.
Reactants are on the right or left of the -> (yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️left
Products are on the left or right of the ->(yield) sign in a chemical equation. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️right
What does the -> represent in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️yield or to
produce
What is a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️It represents with chemical
formulas a chemical change/reaction.
When one molecule splits apart and switch places this is called a __ reaction. -
ANSWER ✔️✔️replacement type of chemical reaction
, What is a reactant in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️They are substances
that are present before the chemical change takes place. They are what you put
into the chemical reaction to cause a chemical change.
What is a product in a chemical equation? -ANSWER ✔️✔️Chemicals that are
formed during the chemical change.
When energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction it is a __reaction. -ANSWER
✔️✔️endothermic
When energy is released in a cheicial reaction it is a __reaction> -ANSWER
✔️✔️exothermic ( usually in the form of heat)
What does a neutralization chemical reaction produce? -ANSWER ✔️✔️water
and salt
A chemical reaction is when a __ change has occurred. -ANSWER
✔️✔️chemical
What happens to the old molecules in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER
✔️✔️They rearrange into new molecules
What is activation energy? -ANSWER ✔️✔️The energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
What is a coefficient? -ANSWER ✔️✔️The number in front of a chemical
formula which tells how many of that molecules is needed to balance the
chemical equation.
Chemical reactions will produce -ANSWER ✔️✔️new substances.
A __ represents a chemical reaction -ANSWER ✔️✔️chemical equation
What happens in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER ✔️✔️bonds between atoms are
broken and new bonds are formed.
