NSGl 3850/l NSG3850l Examl 1l –l
Pathophysiologyl forl Nursesl IIl Review|l
Galenl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Il havel lowl ionizedl calciuml levelsl afterl al massivel orl fastl bloodl transfusionl orl
FFPl becausel of:
Answer:
citratel (preservativel inl bloodl products)l *citratel rendersl calciuml inactive
Q:l PTHl increasesl plasmal calcium,l therefore,l pt'sl withl hypoparathyroidisml froml sxl orl
traumal willl have:
Answer:
lowl levelsl ofl calcium
Q:l Withl lowl levelsl ofl extracellularl Ca,l voltagel gatedl Nal channelsl arel lessl stable.l
Makingl theml morel likelyl tol openl upl allowingl theml tol depolarizel morel easily.l Thisl
makesl neuronsl more:
Answer:
excitable!l
*whichl meansl tetanyl occurs
Q:l PTHl increasesl plasmal calcium,l therefore,l pt'sl withl hyperparathyroidisml willl have:
Answer:
higherl levelsl ofl calcium
,Q:l Thel decreasedl neuromuscularl excitabilityl inl hypercalcemial isl causedl by:
Answer:
elevationl ofl thresholdl potentiall ofl excitablel cells.
Q:l Chronicl alcoholisml isl al majorl riskl factorl forl whichl electrolytel imbalance?
Answer:
Hypomagnesemia
Q:l Acetylcholinel causesl musclesl to:
Answer:
contract.
Q:l Mgl inl extracellularl fluidl usuallyl depressesl releasel ofl acetylcholine.l Thereforel ifl
tool fewl Mgl ionsl arel present,l musclesl will:
Answer:
contractl
*thisl isl duel tol neuromuscularl excitability
Q:l Tool muchl Mg,l causesl acetylcholinel tol rarelyl bel releasedl causingl muscular:
Answer:
depression
Q:l Phosphatel isl anl importantl componentl ofl ATP.l Sincel ATPl isl al majorl sourcel ofl
energy,l ifl wel havel lowl phosphatel wel arel morel likelyl tol be:
, Answer:
weak
Q:l Pt'sl withl hyperphosphatemial andl kidneyl dxl arel likelyl tol havel tol ______________l
saltsl inl softl tissuesl ofl thel body.l Leadingl tol aching,l stiffnessl inl joints,l itching,l andl
conjunctivitis.
Answer:
phosphate
Q:l Whatl electrolytesl arel inl thel ECFl andl ICF?
Answer:
ECFl =l K+l andl Mg
ICFl =l Na+,l Cl,l Bicarb
Q:l Whatl arel thel componentsl ofl blood?
Answer:
RBCsl (carryl O2)
plateletsl (clotting)
leukocytesl (WBCs)l (infection)
Q:l Whatl doesl thel bloodl transport?
Answer:
Oxygenl (PO2)l andl carbonl dioxidel (CO2)
Q:l Whatl arel thel compensatoryl mechanismsl inl anemia?
Answer:
Increasel oxygenl tol tissuesl
+l increasedl respl andl HR
Pathophysiologyl forl Nursesl IIl Review|l
Galenl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Il havel lowl ionizedl calciuml levelsl afterl al massivel orl fastl bloodl transfusionl orl
FFPl becausel of:
Answer:
citratel (preservativel inl bloodl products)l *citratel rendersl calciuml inactive
Q:l PTHl increasesl plasmal calcium,l therefore,l pt'sl withl hypoparathyroidisml froml sxl orl
traumal willl have:
Answer:
lowl levelsl ofl calcium
Q:l Withl lowl levelsl ofl extracellularl Ca,l voltagel gatedl Nal channelsl arel lessl stable.l
Makingl theml morel likelyl tol openl upl allowingl theml tol depolarizel morel easily.l Thisl
makesl neuronsl more:
Answer:
excitable!l
*whichl meansl tetanyl occurs
Q:l PTHl increasesl plasmal calcium,l therefore,l pt'sl withl hyperparathyroidisml willl have:
Answer:
higherl levelsl ofl calcium
,Q:l Thel decreasedl neuromuscularl excitabilityl inl hypercalcemial isl causedl by:
Answer:
elevationl ofl thresholdl potentiall ofl excitablel cells.
Q:l Chronicl alcoholisml isl al majorl riskl factorl forl whichl electrolytel imbalance?
Answer:
Hypomagnesemia
Q:l Acetylcholinel causesl musclesl to:
Answer:
contract.
Q:l Mgl inl extracellularl fluidl usuallyl depressesl releasel ofl acetylcholine.l Thereforel ifl
tool fewl Mgl ionsl arel present,l musclesl will:
Answer:
contractl
*thisl isl duel tol neuromuscularl excitability
Q:l Tool muchl Mg,l causesl acetylcholinel tol rarelyl bel releasedl causingl muscular:
Answer:
depression
Q:l Phosphatel isl anl importantl componentl ofl ATP.l Sincel ATPl isl al majorl sourcel ofl
energy,l ifl wel havel lowl phosphatel wel arel morel likelyl tol be:
, Answer:
weak
Q:l Pt'sl withl hyperphosphatemial andl kidneyl dxl arel likelyl tol havel tol ______________l
saltsl inl softl tissuesl ofl thel body.l Leadingl tol aching,l stiffnessl inl joints,l itching,l andl
conjunctivitis.
Answer:
phosphate
Q:l Whatl electrolytesl arel inl thel ECFl andl ICF?
Answer:
ECFl =l K+l andl Mg
ICFl =l Na+,l Cl,l Bicarb
Q:l Whatl arel thel componentsl ofl blood?
Answer:
RBCsl (carryl O2)
plateletsl (clotting)
leukocytesl (WBCs)l (infection)
Q:l Whatl doesl thel bloodl transport?
Answer:
Oxygenl (PO2)l andl carbonl dioxidel (CO2)
Q:l Whatl arel thel compensatoryl mechanismsl inl anemia?
Answer:
Increasel oxygenl tol tissuesl
+l increasedl respl andl HR
