BIO105 | BIO105 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Exam
1 Version 2 | Questions with Correct Answers and
Expert Explanation for Each Question | Saint Paul’s
School of Nursing
1. Which of the following describes the study of tissues and their microscopic
structure?
A. Histology
B. Gross Anatomy
C. Physiology
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Histology is the branch of anatomy that deals with the
microscopic structure of tissues. It allows students to observe how individual cells
are organized into larger functional units. Unlike gross anatomy, histology requires
the use of specialized microscopes and staining techniques. This field provides the
foundation for understanding how organ systems operate at a cellular level. It is
essential for clinical diagnosis when examining biopsy samples for disease.
2. Which primary tissue type is specialized for sending and receiving electrochemical
signals?
A. Muscle tissue
,B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and supporting
neuroglial cells. Its primary function is to integrate and coordinate body activities
through rapid communication. Neurons transmit electrical impulses while neuroglia
provide the necessary structural and metabolic support. This tissue type is found in
the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Without the specialized conductivity of
nervous tissue, homeostasis could not be maintained.
3. Epithelial tissues are characterized by having an apical surface and a basal surface, a
property known as:
A. Regeneration
B. Avascularity
C. Innervation
D. Polarity
Correct Answer: D
,Expert Explanation: Polarity refers to the structural and functional differences
between the top and bottom surfaces of epithelial cells. The apical surface faces the
exterior or an internal body cavity while the basal surface attaches to the basement
membrane. This asymmetry allows cells to perform different tasks like absorption
on one side and attachment on the other. It is a defining feature of all epithelial
sheets in the human body. Understanding polarity is crucial for identifying tissue
orientation under a microscope.
4. The structure that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue is
called the:
A. Gap junction
B. Basement membrane
C. Extracellular matrix
D. Apical lamina
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The basement membrane acts as a reinforced foundation that
supports the epithelial layer. It consists of two layers known as the basal lamina and
the reticular lamina. This structure serves as a selective filter and provides physical
reinforcement against mechanical stress. It also plays a vital role in tissue repair by
, guiding cell migration during healing. Without this connection, epithelial layers
would easily detach from the supportive tissues beneath them.
5. Which type of epithelium is most efficient for diffusion and filtration, such as in the
alveoli of the lungs?
A. Simple squamous
B. Stratified cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Pseudostratified
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin,
flat cells. This minimal thickness allows for the rapid passage of gases and nutrients
via diffusion. It is located in areas where high-speed exchange is necessary, such as
the air sacs of the lungs and capillary walls. Because it is so thin, it does not provide
much protection against abrasion. However, its efficiency in transport makes it vital
for respiratory and circulatory functions.
6. Which epithelium is found lining the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch and
recoil?
A. Simple cuboidal
B. Transitional
1 Version 2 | Questions with Correct Answers and
Expert Explanation for Each Question | Saint Paul’s
School of Nursing
1. Which of the following describes the study of tissues and their microscopic
structure?
A. Histology
B. Gross Anatomy
C. Physiology
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Histology is the branch of anatomy that deals with the
microscopic structure of tissues. It allows students to observe how individual cells
are organized into larger functional units. Unlike gross anatomy, histology requires
the use of specialized microscopes and staining techniques. This field provides the
foundation for understanding how organ systems operate at a cellular level. It is
essential for clinical diagnosis when examining biopsy samples for disease.
2. Which primary tissue type is specialized for sending and receiving electrochemical
signals?
A. Muscle tissue
,B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and supporting
neuroglial cells. Its primary function is to integrate and coordinate body activities
through rapid communication. Neurons transmit electrical impulses while neuroglia
provide the necessary structural and metabolic support. This tissue type is found in
the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Without the specialized conductivity of
nervous tissue, homeostasis could not be maintained.
3. Epithelial tissues are characterized by having an apical surface and a basal surface, a
property known as:
A. Regeneration
B. Avascularity
C. Innervation
D. Polarity
Correct Answer: D
,Expert Explanation: Polarity refers to the structural and functional differences
between the top and bottom surfaces of epithelial cells. The apical surface faces the
exterior or an internal body cavity while the basal surface attaches to the basement
membrane. This asymmetry allows cells to perform different tasks like absorption
on one side and attachment on the other. It is a defining feature of all epithelial
sheets in the human body. Understanding polarity is crucial for identifying tissue
orientation under a microscope.
4. The structure that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue is
called the:
A. Gap junction
B. Basement membrane
C. Extracellular matrix
D. Apical lamina
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The basement membrane acts as a reinforced foundation that
supports the epithelial layer. It consists of two layers known as the basal lamina and
the reticular lamina. This structure serves as a selective filter and provides physical
reinforcement against mechanical stress. It also plays a vital role in tissue repair by
, guiding cell migration during healing. Without this connection, epithelial layers
would easily detach from the supportive tissues beneath them.
5. Which type of epithelium is most efficient for diffusion and filtration, such as in the
alveoli of the lungs?
A. Simple squamous
B. Stratified cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Pseudostratified
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin,
flat cells. This minimal thickness allows for the rapid passage of gases and nutrients
via diffusion. It is located in areas where high-speed exchange is necessary, such as
the air sacs of the lungs and capillary walls. Because it is so thin, it does not provide
much protection against abrasion. However, its efficiency in transport makes it vital
for respiratory and circulatory functions.
6. Which epithelium is found lining the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch and
recoil?
A. Simple cuboidal
B. Transitional
