NR566 | NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family Wk 3 Midterm v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension. Which electrolyte abnormality
should the provider monitor for?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril can cause the retention of
potassium by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. This often leads to hyperkalemia,
especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking potassium
supplements. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential for safety during
therapy.
2. Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a patient newly
diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, provided there are no contraindications?
A. Glipizide
,B. Sitagliptin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Metformin is recommended as the initial pharmacological
agent for Type 2 Diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile. It works primarily by
decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Clinical
guidelines suggest starting metformin at the time of diagnosis unless the patient has
severe renal dysfunction.
3. A patient taking Warfarin is advised to maintain a consistent intake of which
vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is the antagonist to Warfarin and directly affects the
drug’s anticoagulant efficacy. Significant changes in Vitamin K intake from green
,leafy vegetables can cause fluctuations in the patient’s International Normalized
Ratio (INR). Patients are instructed to keep their dietary intake of Vitamin K
consistent rather than eliminating it entirely.
4. Which of the following is a major black box warning associated with
Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Tendon rupture
D. Severe constipation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning for the increased
risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon. This risk is
higher in elderly patients, those taking corticosteroids, and organ transplant
recipients. Patients should be advised to stop the medication and contact their
provider if they experience tendon pain or inflammation.
5. A common side effect of Amlodipine, a Calcium Channel Blocker, that often leads to
treatment discontinuation is:
A. Dry cough
B. Hypokalemia
, C. Peripheral edema
D. Lactic acidosis
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Peripheral edema is a frequent dose-dependent side effect of
dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like Amlodipine. This occurs due to
precapillary vasodilation which increases hydrostatic pressure. While it is not life-
threatening, it can be bothersome to patients and may require a change in
medication.
6. Which education point is most important for a patient starting Alendronate
(Fosamax) for osteoporosis?
A. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
B. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the dose.
C. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the dose.
D. Take the medication immediately before going to bed.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Alendronate can cause severe esophageal irritation and
ulceration if it remains in the esophagus. Patients must take it with a full glass of
plain water on an empty stomach and stay upright for at least 30 minutes. These
of the Family Wk 3 Midterm v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension. Which electrolyte abnormality
should the provider monitor for?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril can cause the retention of
potassium by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. This often leads to hyperkalemia,
especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking potassium
supplements. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential for safety during
therapy.
2. Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a patient newly
diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, provided there are no contraindications?
A. Glipizide
,B. Sitagliptin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Metformin is recommended as the initial pharmacological
agent for Type 2 Diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile. It works primarily by
decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Clinical
guidelines suggest starting metformin at the time of diagnosis unless the patient has
severe renal dysfunction.
3. A patient taking Warfarin is advised to maintain a consistent intake of which
vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is the antagonist to Warfarin and directly affects the
drug’s anticoagulant efficacy. Significant changes in Vitamin K intake from green
,leafy vegetables can cause fluctuations in the patient’s International Normalized
Ratio (INR). Patients are instructed to keep their dietary intake of Vitamin K
consistent rather than eliminating it entirely.
4. Which of the following is a major black box warning associated with
Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Tendon rupture
D. Severe constipation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning for the increased
risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon. This risk is
higher in elderly patients, those taking corticosteroids, and organ transplant
recipients. Patients should be advised to stop the medication and contact their
provider if they experience tendon pain or inflammation.
5. A common side effect of Amlodipine, a Calcium Channel Blocker, that often leads to
treatment discontinuation is:
A. Dry cough
B. Hypokalemia
, C. Peripheral edema
D. Lactic acidosis
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Peripheral edema is a frequent dose-dependent side effect of
dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like Amlodipine. This occurs due to
precapillary vasodilation which increases hydrostatic pressure. While it is not life-
threatening, it can be bothersome to patients and may require a change in
medication.
6. Which education point is most important for a patient starting Alendronate
(Fosamax) for osteoporosis?
A. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
B. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the dose.
C. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the dose.
D. Take the medication immediately before going to bed.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Alendronate can cause severe esophageal irritation and
ulceration if it remains in the esophagus. Patients must take it with a full glass of
plain water on an empty stomach and stay upright for at least 30 minutes. These
