NR324 / NR 324 Exam 3 Complete Review (New 2026–2027) | Adult Health I Questions & Answers | 100% Accurate Solutions – Chamberlain

NR324 / NR 324 Exam 3 Complete Review (New 2026–2027) | Adult Health I Questions & Answers | 100% Accurate Solutions – Chamberlain Q. How a vaccine works ANSWER A weakened form of the disease antigen (may be dead or living) is injected -The body reacts to the antigen creating Antibodies to destroy it -If the antigen is ever in the body again, the body's immune system antibodies will be able to fight against it Q. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction ANSWER immediate hypersensitivity Q. Describe Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction ANSWER -Onset w/in a few minutes of antigen challenge -Ex: allergies to molds, insect bites -localized allergic reaction Q. Type III hypersensitivity reaction ANSWER Immune-complex reaction Q. Describe Type III hypersensitivity reaction ANSWER (immune-complex reaction) -the antigen combines with the antibody, forming a complex, which is then deposited in tissue, often in blood vessel walls, and also activates complement -Onset usually w/in 2-6 hours -Ex: serum sickness and systematic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis Q. Anaphylaxis is a type ___ hypersensitivity reaction ANSWER I Q. Allergic Rhinitis ANSWER hay fever -the most common type 1 hypersensitivity reaction -can occur all year round. can be seasonal Q. Primary causes of Allergic Rhinitis ANSWER -Dust -Pollen -Molds -Animal dander Q. manifestations of Allergic Rhinitis ANSWER -Red, itchy, watery eyes -Sneezing, congestion, runny nose -Itchy or sore throat, post-nasal drip, cough Q. causes of anaphylaxis ANSWER -Insect stings (bee, wasp, ant) -Medications and Latex -Food allergy (peanuts, eggs, shellfish) Q. Manifestations of Anaphylaxis ANSWER Rapid onset -Dyspnea (tight throat, bronchospasm, Laryngeal edema) -Feelings of apprehension, HA (dilation) -Tingling and swelling in mouth, face, throat, and tongue -Itching -FVD (vessels dilate = fluid loss) -↓BP -Tachycardia -Loss of consciousness -Edema -Erythema Q. Interventions for Anaphylaxis ANSWER -EpiPen: vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, short-acting -Assess respiratory function; establish airway -CPR (if needed) -Epinephrine -Antihistamines (for angioedema and urticaria) -Oxygen -Treat bronchospasm -IV fluids Q. HIV targets which cell type? ANSWER CD4, T cell Q. HIV manifestations ANSWER Acute infection · Seroconversion: when HIV-specific antibodies develop → accompanied by Fever, Swollen lymph glands, sore throat, HA, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and/or a diffuse rash · Some develop neuro conditions (aseptic meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy, or Guillian-Barre syndrome) · Many people, including HCPs, mistake Acute HIV symptoms as a bad case of the flu Chronic HIV infection · Asymptomatic infection - CD4 T-cells 500 cells/uL · Fatigue, HA, low-grade fever, night sweats, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) · Symptomatic Infection - CD4 T-cells = 200-500 cells/uL · Symptoms in early in phases become worse · Persistent fever, freq. drenching night sweats, chronic diarrhea, recurrent headaches, and fatigue severe enough to interrupt normal routines · Localized infections, lymphadenopathy, and Nervous system manifestations · Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) - most common infection · Less common - shingles, persistent vaginal candidal infections, outbreaks of oral or genital herpes, bacterial infections, and Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) · Oral hairy leukoplakia - infection that causes painless, white, raised lesions on the lateral aspects of the tongue · AIDS · Many infections, variety of malignancies, wasting, and HIV-related dementia can occur Several opportunistic diseases may occur at the same time Q. In HIV, when the CD4 cells are ______ than 500, they can fight infection ANSWER greater than 500 Q. When is HIV considered AIDS? ANSWER When the CD4 T cells are under 200 Q. Ways HIV can be transmitted ANSWER Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk Q. Prevention of transmission of AIDS in health care setting ANSWER -Maintain Standard precautions: Handwashing/hygeine, Protective barriers (gloves, mask, eye shield, Gown) -Do NOT recap needles -Clean up spills of blood and body fluid immediately using Germicidal solution -Consider ALL body fluids to be contaminated -Avoid contaminating he outside of specimen containers -Cleanse work surface areas w/ appropriate germicide Q. lab values we are looking for in HIV/AIDS? ANSWER CD4 & Viral load -we want the CD4 ↑, and the viral load ↓ Q. Collaborative care for HIV/AIDS ANSWER · Monitoring HIV disease progression · Initiating and monitoring ART · Preventing the development of opportunistic diseases · Detecting and treating opportunistic diseases · Managing symptoms · Preventing / decreasing complications of treatment · Preventing further treatment of HIV · Case reporting the health department · Patient teaching on transmission of HIV Laboratory tests Q. Management of HIV/AIDS ANSWER · Primary prevention and health promotion are the most effective health care strategies · encourage the patient to adopt safer, healthier, and less risky behaviors. · Encourage Pt to limit sexual partners · Encourage Pt to use safe sex measures · Encourage Pt to abstain from Drugs, if drugs are used, do not share equipment, or have sex while intoxicated · Encourage strict adherence to drug regimen to decrease risk of resistance · Promote a healthy immune system (avoid alcohol & tobacco, nutritional support, vaccines, rest & exercise, avoid exposure to new infections, ↓ stress, mental health, support groups, consistent relationship w/ HCPs) The best way to prevent opportunistic disease is to ensure that the patient is adhering to an effective ART regimen and, if appropriate, taking prophylactic medications for opportunistic infections A nurse is caring for a 20 year-old client who is sexually active and has come to the college health clinic for a first-time checkup. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first to determine the client's need for health promotion and disease prevention? a. Measure vital signs b. encourage HIV screening c. Determine risk factors d. Instruct client to use condoms c SLE systemic lupus erythematosus Define Systematic Lupus Erythmatosus (SLE) a multisystem inflammatory autoimmune disease - typically affects the skin, joints, and serous membranes, renal, hematologic, and neurological systems -characterized by a chronic unpredictable course marked by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission -Extremely variable in its severity -most commonly affected tissues: skin and muscle, lining of lungs, heart, nervous tissue, and kidneys Manifestations of SLE Generalized complaints (fever, weight loss, arthralgia (joint pain), and excess fatigue may precede an exacerbation) -Photosensitivity -Butterfly rash over cheeks -Tachypnea, cough, Pleural effusion -Hematologic disorders -muscle stiffness -Reynaud's phenomenon Pt teaching for SLE · Disease process · Names of drugs, actions, side effects, dosage, administration -medications target inflammation and immunosuppression · Pain management strategies -Stay hydrated -Identify s/s of Infection · Energy conservation and pacing techniques · Therapeutic exercise, use of heat therapy (arthalgia) · Avoidance of physical and emotional stress · Avoidance of exposure to individual with infections · Avoidance of drying soaps, powders, household chemicals · Use Sunscreen (at least SPF 30) and protective clothing, minimal sun exposure btw 1100 and 1500 · Regular medical and lab follow-up · Martial and pregnancy counseling as needed Community resources and health care agencies Anitmalarials complication Can cause eye issues - Retinopathy The client with SLE is being discharged from the medical unit. Which discharge instructions are most important for the nurse to include? (Select all that apply) 1. Use sunscreen of SPF 30 or greater when in the sunlight. 2.Notify the HCP immediately when developing a low-grade fever. 3.Some dyspnea is expected and does not need immediate attention. 4.The hands and feet may change color if exposed to cold or heat. 5.Explain the client can be cured with continued uninterrupted therapy. 1, 2, 4 A client diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder questions the nurse as to what impact this may have on activities of daily living in the years to come. What is the best response that the nurse can give? 1."The changes will be subtle at first so it won't be noticeable to others." 2."It is hard to predict what the disease process has in store for any individual." 3."I can hear the concern in your voice. Perhaps we can talk for awhile and discuss some of your concerns." 4."I would suggest the use of any available remedy that might give you some comfort." 2 A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is postoperative. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an indication of postoperative infection? (Select all that apply.) 1) Increased band neutrophils 2) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 3) Absence of ketones in urine 4) Negative leukocyte esterase in urine 5) Increased hemoglobin 6) Increased white blood cell (WBC) count 1, 2, 6 manifestations of Sepsis: TIME Temperature (higher or lower than normal) Infection (may have s/s of infection, SOB) Mental decline (confused, sleepy, difficult to arouse) Extremely ill (severe pain or discomfort) populations at risk for Sepsis -Elderly -Immunocompromised -chronic illnesses -Surgical Pts -Trauma Pts Goals in the treatment of Sepsis -Maintain tissue perfusion -Maintain normal BP -Avoid complications from hypo-perfusion (protect organs, protecting kidneys) due to h pylori autoimmune sym; anorexia,n,v,d, fullness infection = antibiotics gastritis hydrochloric acid & pepsin are the cause can be gastric or duodenal due to NSAIDS & asprin 3 complications; hemorrhage, perforation & gastric outlet obstruction if perforation occurs; stop spillage & resotre blood volume surgical; partial gastreotomy & pylorplasty peptic ulcer disease non specific mucousal injury as a result of h, pylori infections autoimmune related or repeated exposure to irritant like ;;;; tobacco, bile & obesity spreads to other organs symp; weight loss, lack of appetite, abd pain, indigestion & symptoms of anemia tx; depends on location & stage detect pt. w/ pernicious anemia @ greater risk goal; minimal discomfort, optimal nutrition, maintain degree of well being appropriate to disease stage stomach cancer cause & treatment through exam, labs, endoscopy, surgical becomes when bleeding continuous regardless of what you do for it upper GI bleed cause; ecoli, bacteria nonspecific can come from contaminted foods large part of prevention is teaching uncooked meats n,v,d food borne illness periumbilical pain, continuous & consistent localize @ mc Burneys point tx; surgical removal, antibiotics & rest appendicitis organism or chemicals enter peritoneal cavity, during dialysis when perforates it is an emergency rebound tenderness & increased pain w/ movement electrolyte imbalance & septic shock drain fluid & repair damage. IV fluids, antibiotics, NG tube peritonitis outpouching of mucosa that is INFLAMMED causing bleeding symp;abd pain, bloating & changes in bowel habits teach pt about high fiber diet & decrease fat & red meat diverticulitis abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall diverticulosis osteo, rheumatoid, & gout tx; NSAIDS b/c inflammed of synovial joint symp; fatiuge, fever, want to manage pain & prevent disability manage w/ rest, heat & cold & excersie DO NOT DO ROM! arthritis systemic disease w/ inflammation of connective tissue of synovial joints fatigue, wt loss, & gen stiffness, pain limited ROM & inflammation stiff after activity, progresses to muscle athrophy & around joints tx; reduce inflammation & manage pain & joint function & correction of deformity RA acumulation of URIC ACID obesity, diuretic use, excessive alcohol use tx; drug theraphy caused by foods that are high in pruine red & organ meats need to be avioded support inflammed joint gout 30yr old pt w/ lupus what is the most important lab for RN to know about or to communicate to MD- elevated BUN pt comes in w/ joint sweling & pain , they are being tested for lupus which test would give most specific findings anti nuclear antibody pt has reddened rash over nose & face butterfly (facial) rash defines lupus immune deficiency- which one of the statements would you indicate further teaching eating sushi pt comes into clinic who has AIDS who has a decreased CD4 count, the nurse should recognize that the client is most likely to have which opportunistic infection pneymocystitis pneumonia how is HIV transmitted sexual contact, blood, semen, vaginal secretions, sharing toothbrushes, in order from earliest to latest; how a wound heals vascular, cellular,exudate & healing you have an older pt that has been lying on their back for 3hrs when RN repositions which bony prominence is of most concern? heels, sacrum & back of the head pt asks what is the function of the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes? immunitiy innate immunity what type of immunity is present at birth paper cut heals through this method primary stage stage 3 ulcer secondary suturing tertiary how are wounds classified by depth, color, cause risk factors for osteaoarthritis age, genetics, & lack of excersie need to educate client about gout when he says reducing meat is not important goal of immune supression is to decrease rejection of organ common health care associated infection in older adults uti what acronym is used to describe scleroderma CREST genetic disorder can be caused by mutation of single or multipule genes can be inherited damage to chhromosome myofascial pain syndrome treatment includes massage, physical therapy, acupuncture, anestheisa to trigger points pt with anaphylactic reaction medical emergency pt who has been getting an antibiotic & has anaphylactic reaction what to do? rapid response pt w/ abdominal wound, blood work shows an increased WBC, what is the next thing you have to do wound culture pt confined to bed has stage 2 pressure ulcer, need to teach family to prevent further tissue damage change pt position every 2 hours pt who has been npo for treatment of nausea, vomiting, caused by gastric irritation, MD wants pt to start oral intake what to give the pt? lemon jello pt who uses smokeless tobacco has signs of oral cancer red velvety patches on buccal mucosa pt has order for nexium,RN explains this drug treats gastroesophageal disease by decreasing stomach acid production after teaching pt about GERD include diet choice for a snack before bedtime lemon gelatin, & fruit NEVER GIVE BECAUSE IT INCREASES ACID peppermint oil pt comes into clinic & has frequent heartburn PPI proton pump inhibitor pt who is vomiting blood streaked fluid & admitted for acute gastritis what is one thing to ask pt as a possible risk factor NSAIDs use pt that comes in vomiting coffee ground material which test do you anticipate pt going for endoscopy pt after 12hr of a gastroduodenal ostomy; no bowel sounds and 200ml bright red drainage what would be appropriate action contact the surgeon most common side effect of GI problem nausea and vomiting most common safety for elderly aspiration what aids in identifying emesis in source of bleeding color what drug is used to treat nausea and vomiting zofran & reglan what is one thing with prolonged vomiting dehydration w/ electrolyte imbalances who is at greatest risk for life threatening dehydration elderly and children what is most important to prevent oral infections good oral hygine where do most malignant lesions occur lip one risk factor for oral cancer smoking,alcohol,diet , poor dental hygine & HPV what is the most effective treatment for oral cancer surgery what is the #1 goal for oral cancer air way first, communication, nutrition one predisposing condition of GERD hiatal hernia and incompetent lower esophageal sphincter what is berets esophagus precancerous lesion that increases risk for esophageal cancer what is a vegan diet plant food what are vegans lacking B12 what is malnutrition deficit, excess or imbalance of essential components of balanced diet manifestations of malnutrition hair loss , emaciation one risk factor for malnutrition dietary, economic, psycho social, and physiologic name one condition where pt will get eternal feedings facial trauma name one eating disorder bulimia, anorexia what is the most common nutritional problem in the US obesity name one surgery that has possibility to correct obesity sleeve, gastric bypass what term applies to feeling of discomfort and conscious desire to vomit nausea what color of emesis does identify presence of bleeding red what is a concern when vomiting occurs in a pt who is elderly and unconscious pulmonary aspiration umbrella term for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx head & neck squamous cell carcinoma what is a term for syndrome with chronic symptoms GERD what is a complication of GERD berets esophagus what is a herniation of portion of stomach opening to diaphragm hiatal hernia what are dilated veins in lower esophagus esophageal varices what is inflammation of gastric mucosa gastritis what is the most common infection in stomach or small intestine h pylori what is a condition characterized erosion of GI mucosa of digestive action of hydrochloric acid and pepcid peptic ulcer disease complication of peptic ulcer disease hemorrhaging what is the most common procedure to diagnose peptic ulcer lesions endoscopy for PUD