ADVANCED DYSRHYTHMIAS EXAMPREP
FULL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ excitability.
Answer: irritability of cell, ability of heart to respond to an electrical
impulse
⩥ conductivity.
Answer: the ability to transfer impulse from once cardiac cell to the text
⩥ contractility.
Answer: shortening of muscle -> increased pressure -> moves blood,
mechanical movement
⩥ refractoriness.
Answer: cell is unable to be stimulated (dealing w/ the last stimulus)
-2 periods
⩥ absolute refractoriness.
Answer: cannot accept another stimulus because it is still dealing with
the last one
,-absolutely no stimulus (no matter how strong)
-occurs between q and beginning of t wave
⩥ relative refractoriness.
Answer: vulnerable period, strong stimulus may result in depolarization
- can throw into a lethal dysrhythmias
-during t-wave
⩥ polarized.
Answer: resting
⩥ depolarized.
Answer: shift of ions - stimulated (more (+) inside)
-in this, other stimuli cause irritability (meds, irregular electrical)
⩥ repolarized.
Answer: recovery (getting ready to do it again)
⩥ SA node.
Answer: pacemaker of the heart
⩥ AV node.
, Answer: takes over if SA node stops working, but beats much slower
⩥ ST elevation.
Answer: Infarct (MI)
⩥ ST depression.
Answer: ischemia (lack of O2 to heart)
⩥ electrocardiography.
Answer: displays the hearts electrical activity (disturbance in rhythm and
conduction, ischemia, infarct, code STEMI, drug tox, electrolyte
abnormalities)
-NI: LOOK AT PT FIRST
⩥ cardiac monitor.
Answer: "Hard wire" provides a "snapshot" of the heart
**more urgent/emergent
-one time pic
-12 lead (10-12 views - 10 at a time)
⩥ ECHO.
Answer: determines any problems w/ heart muscle
FULL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ excitability.
Answer: irritability of cell, ability of heart to respond to an electrical
impulse
⩥ conductivity.
Answer: the ability to transfer impulse from once cardiac cell to the text
⩥ contractility.
Answer: shortening of muscle -> increased pressure -> moves blood,
mechanical movement
⩥ refractoriness.
Answer: cell is unable to be stimulated (dealing w/ the last stimulus)
-2 periods
⩥ absolute refractoriness.
Answer: cannot accept another stimulus because it is still dealing with
the last one
,-absolutely no stimulus (no matter how strong)
-occurs between q and beginning of t wave
⩥ relative refractoriness.
Answer: vulnerable period, strong stimulus may result in depolarization
- can throw into a lethal dysrhythmias
-during t-wave
⩥ polarized.
Answer: resting
⩥ depolarized.
Answer: shift of ions - stimulated (more (+) inside)
-in this, other stimuli cause irritability (meds, irregular electrical)
⩥ repolarized.
Answer: recovery (getting ready to do it again)
⩥ SA node.
Answer: pacemaker of the heart
⩥ AV node.
, Answer: takes over if SA node stops working, but beats much slower
⩥ ST elevation.
Answer: Infarct (MI)
⩥ ST depression.
Answer: ischemia (lack of O2 to heart)
⩥ electrocardiography.
Answer: displays the hearts electrical activity (disturbance in rhythm and
conduction, ischemia, infarct, code STEMI, drug tox, electrolyte
abnormalities)
-NI: LOOK AT PT FIRST
⩥ cardiac monitor.
Answer: "Hard wire" provides a "snapshot" of the heart
**more urgent/emergent
-one time pic
-12 lead (10-12 views - 10 at a time)
⩥ ECHO.
Answer: determines any problems w/ heart muscle
