NUR 208 EXAM 2: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) OB/Maternal-Newborn
Nursing | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing
Program
Subject: NUR 208 – Exam 2 / OB/Maternal-Newborn Nursing
Source: Labor & Delivery, Postpartum Complications, Fetal Monitoring, and Newborn Assessment
Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | All Questions Exhausted
Total questions: 48 (every question from raw data)
1: What must be reported immediately after AROM (Artificial Rupture of Membranes)?
Correct Answer: Fetal heart rate changes (especially bradycardia) indicating possible cord prolapse.
1. AROM can cause the umbilical cord to prolapse through the cervix, compressing the cord and causing
fetal bradycardia. This is an obstetric emergency.
2. Immediate actions: call for help, reposition mother to knee-chest or Trendelenburg, apply sterile gloves,
insert hand into vagina to lift presenting part off cord.
3. Cord prolapse requires immediate cesarean section to prevent fetal death.
2: What is the difference between AROM?
Correct Answer: Surgical/artificial rupture of membranes by provider.
1. AROM is performed by a healthcare provider using an amnihook or similar instrument to artificially
rupture the amniotic sac.
2. Indications: induce labor, allow internal fetal monitoring, assess for meconium.
3. Nurse notes time, color, amount, and odor of fluid after AROM.
3: What is the difference between SROM?
Correct Answer: Spontaneous rupture of membranes (water breaks naturally).
1. SROM occurs naturally as labor progresses, often with a gush or trickle of amniotic fluid.
2. Most labors begin with SROM or contractions; PROM is SROM before labor onset.
3. After SROM, assess fetal heart rate, fluid characteristics, and maternal temperature.
4: What is the difference between PROM?
Correct Answer: Rupture of membranes before labor begins.
1. PROM is spontaneous rupture of membranes at term (>37 weeks) before onset of uterine contractions.
2. Most women with PROM will go into labor spontaneously within 24 hours.
3. Risks include infection (chorioamnionitis) and cord prolapse.
5: What is the difference between PPROM?
Correct Answer: Preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks.
1. PPROM occurs before 37 weeks gestation and is associated with preterm birth.
2. Causes: infection, uterine overdistension (twins, polyhydramnios), previous PPROM.
3. Management includes corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity, antibiotics to prevent infection, and
tocolytics to delay delivery.
, 6: What are the signs of labor dysfunction?
Correct Answer: Prolonged labor, weak or uncoordinated contractions, failure to progress.
1. Labor dysfunction (dystocia) includes protracted labor (slow cervical dilation) and arrest of descent.
2. Causes include ineffective uterine contractions (hypotonic), CPD, fetal malposition, or maternal
exhaustion.
3. Interventions: position changes, amnioinfusion, oxytocin augmentation, or cesarean.
7: What is the best position for a prolapsed cord?
Correct Answer: Knee-chest or Trendelenburg to relieve pressure on cord.
1. Knee-chest position uses gravity to move the presenting part away from the cord.
2. Trendelenburg (head down, feet elevated) also reduces cord compression.
3. Do not attempt to replace the cord; cover with sterile saline-soaked gauze.
8: What are the three types of lochia?
Correct Answer: Lochia rubra (red), lochia serosa (pink/brown), lochia alba (white/yellow).
1. Lochia rubra: first 1-3 days postpartum; bright red blood, small clots.
2. Lochia serosa: days 4-10; pinkish-brown, serosanguinous.
3. Lochia alba: days 10-21+; yellowish-white, leukocyte-rich.
9: Define chorioamnionitis.
Correct Answer: Infection of the amniotic fluid and membranes.
1. Chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection) is often caused by ascending bacteria after prolonged
rupture of membranes.
2. Signs: maternal fever >38°C, uterine tenderness, fetal tachycardia, foul-smelling amniotic fluid.
3. Treatment: broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, prompt delivery.
10: Define precipitous birth.
Correct Answer: Labor lasting less than 3 hours.
1. Precipitous birth is defined as delivery occurring less than 3 hours after onset of regular contractions.
2. Risks: maternal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal trauma, and unattended delivery.
3. Nurse stays with patient, prepares for rapid delivery, and does not leave patient alone.
11: What is the priority intervention for precipitous birth?
Correct Answer: Stay with patient and prepare for rapid delivery to prevent injury.
1. The nurse must remain at the bedside for immediate delivery readiness.
2. Prepare delivery supplies, position patient, and call additional staff.
3. After delivery, monitor for hemorrhage and lacerations.
12: What is the significance of uterine atony?
Correct Answer: Failure of the uterus to contract leading to postpartum hemorrhage.
1. Uterine atony is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage (80% of cases).
2. The uterus fails to contract and retract after delivery, leaving uterine sinuses open.
3. Risk factors: overdistension (multiple gestations, polyhydramnios, macrosomia), prolonged labor,
oxytocin augmentation.
Nursing | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing
Program
Subject: NUR 208 – Exam 2 / OB/Maternal-Newborn Nursing
Source: Labor & Delivery, Postpartum Complications, Fetal Monitoring, and Newborn Assessment
Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | All Questions Exhausted
Total questions: 48 (every question from raw data)
1: What must be reported immediately after AROM (Artificial Rupture of Membranes)?
Correct Answer: Fetal heart rate changes (especially bradycardia) indicating possible cord prolapse.
1. AROM can cause the umbilical cord to prolapse through the cervix, compressing the cord and causing
fetal bradycardia. This is an obstetric emergency.
2. Immediate actions: call for help, reposition mother to knee-chest or Trendelenburg, apply sterile gloves,
insert hand into vagina to lift presenting part off cord.
3. Cord prolapse requires immediate cesarean section to prevent fetal death.
2: What is the difference between AROM?
Correct Answer: Surgical/artificial rupture of membranes by provider.
1. AROM is performed by a healthcare provider using an amnihook or similar instrument to artificially
rupture the amniotic sac.
2. Indications: induce labor, allow internal fetal monitoring, assess for meconium.
3. Nurse notes time, color, amount, and odor of fluid after AROM.
3: What is the difference between SROM?
Correct Answer: Spontaneous rupture of membranes (water breaks naturally).
1. SROM occurs naturally as labor progresses, often with a gush or trickle of amniotic fluid.
2. Most labors begin with SROM or contractions; PROM is SROM before labor onset.
3. After SROM, assess fetal heart rate, fluid characteristics, and maternal temperature.
4: What is the difference between PROM?
Correct Answer: Rupture of membranes before labor begins.
1. PROM is spontaneous rupture of membranes at term (>37 weeks) before onset of uterine contractions.
2. Most women with PROM will go into labor spontaneously within 24 hours.
3. Risks include infection (chorioamnionitis) and cord prolapse.
5: What is the difference between PPROM?
Correct Answer: Preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks.
1. PPROM occurs before 37 weeks gestation and is associated with preterm birth.
2. Causes: infection, uterine overdistension (twins, polyhydramnios), previous PPROM.
3. Management includes corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity, antibiotics to prevent infection, and
tocolytics to delay delivery.
, 6: What are the signs of labor dysfunction?
Correct Answer: Prolonged labor, weak or uncoordinated contractions, failure to progress.
1. Labor dysfunction (dystocia) includes protracted labor (slow cervical dilation) and arrest of descent.
2. Causes include ineffective uterine contractions (hypotonic), CPD, fetal malposition, or maternal
exhaustion.
3. Interventions: position changes, amnioinfusion, oxytocin augmentation, or cesarean.
7: What is the best position for a prolapsed cord?
Correct Answer: Knee-chest or Trendelenburg to relieve pressure on cord.
1. Knee-chest position uses gravity to move the presenting part away from the cord.
2. Trendelenburg (head down, feet elevated) also reduces cord compression.
3. Do not attempt to replace the cord; cover with sterile saline-soaked gauze.
8: What are the three types of lochia?
Correct Answer: Lochia rubra (red), lochia serosa (pink/brown), lochia alba (white/yellow).
1. Lochia rubra: first 1-3 days postpartum; bright red blood, small clots.
2. Lochia serosa: days 4-10; pinkish-brown, serosanguinous.
3. Lochia alba: days 10-21+; yellowish-white, leukocyte-rich.
9: Define chorioamnionitis.
Correct Answer: Infection of the amniotic fluid and membranes.
1. Chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection) is often caused by ascending bacteria after prolonged
rupture of membranes.
2. Signs: maternal fever >38°C, uterine tenderness, fetal tachycardia, foul-smelling amniotic fluid.
3. Treatment: broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, prompt delivery.
10: Define precipitous birth.
Correct Answer: Labor lasting less than 3 hours.
1. Precipitous birth is defined as delivery occurring less than 3 hours after onset of regular contractions.
2. Risks: maternal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal trauma, and unattended delivery.
3. Nurse stays with patient, prepares for rapid delivery, and does not leave patient alone.
11: What is the priority intervention for precipitous birth?
Correct Answer: Stay with patient and prepare for rapid delivery to prevent injury.
1. The nurse must remain at the bedside for immediate delivery readiness.
2. Prepare delivery supplies, position patient, and call additional staff.
3. After delivery, monitor for hemorrhage and lacerations.
12: What is the significance of uterine atony?
Correct Answer: Failure of the uterus to contract leading to postpartum hemorrhage.
1. Uterine atony is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage (80% of cases).
2. The uterus fails to contract and retract after delivery, leaving uterine sinuses open.
3. Risk factors: overdistension (multiple gestations, polyhydramnios, macrosomia), prolonged labor,
oxytocin augmentation.
