LEGL 2700 UGA Test 1 Actual Exam | Latest Version
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Legal Foundations & Court Systems
Q1: What is the primary source of law that consists of judicial decisions from appellate
courts?
A. Statutory law
B. Constitutional law
C. Common law [CORRECT]
D. Administrative law
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Common law, also called case law or judge-made law, is built from the written
opinions of appellate courts over time. It evolves through precedent and the doctrine of
stare decisis.
Q2: A Georgia state trial court judge is deciding a contract dispute. There is no Georgia
statute directly on point, but the Georgia Supreme Court decided a nearly identical case
five years ago. What is the judge most likely to do?
A. Ignore the old case because it is outdated
B. Follow the Georgia Supreme Court's prior decision [CORRECT]
C. Create a new rule that contradicts the Supreme Court
D. Dismiss the case for lack of a statute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under stare decisis, lower courts must follow the binding precedent set by
higher courts in the same jurisdiction. The Georgia Supreme Court's decision controls
how this trial judge must rule.
,Q3: A plaintiff from Florida sues a defendant from Georgia in federal court for breach of
contract, seeking $85,000 in damages. On what basis does the federal court have
jurisdiction?
A. Federal question jurisdiction
B. Exclusive state jurisdiction
C. Diversity jurisdiction [CORRECT]
D. Concurrent jurisdiction only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the parties are citizens of different states and the amount in
controversy exceeds $75,000, the federal court can hear the case under diversity
jurisdiction, even though the underlying issue is state contract law.
Q4: An online retailer based in California sells a defective product to a consumer in
Georgia through its website. The consumer wants to sue in Georgia state court. Does
Georgia have personal jurisdiction over the out-of-state retailer?
A. No, because the retailer has no physical stores in Georgia
B. Yes, if the retailer regularly conducts business with Georgia residents through its
website [CORRECT]
C. Only if the retailer has a warehouse in Georgia
D. No, because online sales never establish personal jurisdiction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under the minimum contacts test, a business that purposefully avails itself of
the Georgia market through regular online sales can be sued there, even without a
physical presence.
Q5: Which of the following best describes the function of a U.S. Court of Appeals?
A. To conduct jury trials for federal criminal defendants
B. To review decisions from lower federal courts for errors of law [CORRECT]
C. To interpret state constitutions exclusively
D. To serve as the trial court for all federal civil cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The federal courts of appeals are intermediate appellate courts that review
trial court decisions to determine whether the law was applied correctly; they do not
hear new evidence or conduct jury trials.
, Q6: The Environmental Protection Agency issues a regulation limiting carbon emissions
from power plants. What type of law is this regulation?
A. Common law
B. Statutory law
C. Administrative law [CORRECT]
D. Constitutional law
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a federal agency like the EPA creates rules under authority delegated
by Congress, those rules constitute administrative law, which has the force of law but
comes from the executive branch rather than Congress or the courts.
Q7: Consider the following comparison: In a civil lawsuit, the plaintiff must prove their
case by a preponderance of the evidence. In a criminal prosecution, the government
must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. What is the primary significance of this
difference?
A. Criminal cases always have juries, while civil cases do not
B. The burden of proof is lighter in civil cases because only money is at stake, whereas
criminal cases involve loss of liberty [CORRECT]
C. Civil defendants are never allowed to present evidence
D. Criminal cases require more witnesses than civil cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This aligns with the fundamental principle that because criminal convictions
can result in imprisonment, the burden of proof is intentionally much higher to protect
individual rights, while civil cases typically involve monetary disputes.
Q8: Congress passes a federal law setting minimum safety standards for food labeling.
Georgia then passes a state law requiring additional, stricter labeling for food sold
within the state. If the federal law contains no explicit preemption clause, but
compliance with both is impossible, what happens to the state law?
A. The state law remains in effect alongside the federal law
B. The state law is preempted under the Supremacy Clause [CORRECT]
C. The state law automatically overrides the federal law
D. The food manufacturer can choose which law to follow
Correct Answer: B
| 100% Pass | Correct & Verified Complete
Questions and Answers Detailed Rationales Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Legal Foundations & Court Systems
Q1: What is the primary source of law that consists of judicial decisions from appellate
courts?
A. Statutory law
B. Constitutional law
C. Common law [CORRECT]
D. Administrative law
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Common law, also called case law or judge-made law, is built from the written
opinions of appellate courts over time. It evolves through precedent and the doctrine of
stare decisis.
Q2: A Georgia state trial court judge is deciding a contract dispute. There is no Georgia
statute directly on point, but the Georgia Supreme Court decided a nearly identical case
five years ago. What is the judge most likely to do?
A. Ignore the old case because it is outdated
B. Follow the Georgia Supreme Court's prior decision [CORRECT]
C. Create a new rule that contradicts the Supreme Court
D. Dismiss the case for lack of a statute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under stare decisis, lower courts must follow the binding precedent set by
higher courts in the same jurisdiction. The Georgia Supreme Court's decision controls
how this trial judge must rule.
,Q3: A plaintiff from Florida sues a defendant from Georgia in federal court for breach of
contract, seeking $85,000 in damages. On what basis does the federal court have
jurisdiction?
A. Federal question jurisdiction
B. Exclusive state jurisdiction
C. Diversity jurisdiction [CORRECT]
D. Concurrent jurisdiction only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the parties are citizens of different states and the amount in
controversy exceeds $75,000, the federal court can hear the case under diversity
jurisdiction, even though the underlying issue is state contract law.
Q4: An online retailer based in California sells a defective product to a consumer in
Georgia through its website. The consumer wants to sue in Georgia state court. Does
Georgia have personal jurisdiction over the out-of-state retailer?
A. No, because the retailer has no physical stores in Georgia
B. Yes, if the retailer regularly conducts business with Georgia residents through its
website [CORRECT]
C. Only if the retailer has a warehouse in Georgia
D. No, because online sales never establish personal jurisdiction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under the minimum contacts test, a business that purposefully avails itself of
the Georgia market through regular online sales can be sued there, even without a
physical presence.
Q5: Which of the following best describes the function of a U.S. Court of Appeals?
A. To conduct jury trials for federal criminal defendants
B. To review decisions from lower federal courts for errors of law [CORRECT]
C. To interpret state constitutions exclusively
D. To serve as the trial court for all federal civil cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The federal courts of appeals are intermediate appellate courts that review
trial court decisions to determine whether the law was applied correctly; they do not
hear new evidence or conduct jury trials.
, Q6: The Environmental Protection Agency issues a regulation limiting carbon emissions
from power plants. What type of law is this regulation?
A. Common law
B. Statutory law
C. Administrative law [CORRECT]
D. Constitutional law
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a federal agency like the EPA creates rules under authority delegated
by Congress, those rules constitute administrative law, which has the force of law but
comes from the executive branch rather than Congress or the courts.
Q7: Consider the following comparison: In a civil lawsuit, the plaintiff must prove their
case by a preponderance of the evidence. In a criminal prosecution, the government
must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. What is the primary significance of this
difference?
A. Criminal cases always have juries, while civil cases do not
B. The burden of proof is lighter in civil cases because only money is at stake, whereas
criminal cases involve loss of liberty [CORRECT]
C. Civil defendants are never allowed to present evidence
D. Criminal cases require more witnesses than civil cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This aligns with the fundamental principle that because criminal convictions
can result in imprisonment, the burden of proof is intentionally much higher to protect
individual rights, while civil cases typically involve monetary disputes.
Q8: Congress passes a federal law setting minimum safety standards for food labeling.
Georgia then passes a state law requiring additional, stricter labeling for food sold
within the state. If the federal law contains no explicit preemption clause, but
compliance with both is impossible, what happens to the state law?
A. The state law remains in effect alongside the federal law
B. The state law is preempted under the Supremacy Clause [CORRECT]
C. The state law automatically overrides the federal law
D. The food manufacturer can choose which law to follow
Correct Answer: B
