BIOS 251 Midterm Exam 1 (Latest Update
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which macromolecule serves as the main source of energy for
cells?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which
provides immediate energy.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
,Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria perform cellular respiration to generate
ATP.
3. Which macromolecule is the primary component of cell
membranes?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
4. Which biomolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: D
Rationale: DNA and RNA carry genetic instructions.
5. Which type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Peptide bond
,C. Ionic bond
D. Covalent bond
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peptide bonds form between the amino group of one
amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
6. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The S (synthesis) phase is when DNA is replicated.
7. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Nucleus
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for
transport.
8. Which molecule acts as the main energy currency of the cell?
, A. ATP
B. ADP
C. NADH
D. FADH2
Correct answer: A
Rationale: ATP stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
9. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down
waste?
A. Lysosome
B. Peroxisome
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular
digestion.
10. Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Ribosome
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which macromolecule serves as the main source of energy for
cells?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which
provides immediate energy.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
,Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria perform cellular respiration to generate
ATP.
3. Which macromolecule is the primary component of cell
membranes?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
4. Which biomolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct answer: D
Rationale: DNA and RNA carry genetic instructions.
5. Which type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Peptide bond
,C. Ionic bond
D. Covalent bond
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peptide bonds form between the amino group of one
amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
6. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The S (synthesis) phase is when DNA is replicated.
7. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Nucleus
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for
transport.
8. Which molecule acts as the main energy currency of the cell?
, A. ATP
B. ADP
C. NADH
D. FADH2
Correct answer: A
Rationale: ATP stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
9. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down
waste?
A. Lysosome
B. Peroxisome
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular
digestion.
10. Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Ribosome
