Page 1 of 102
Test Bank For Gould's Pathophysiology for
the Health Professions 7th Edition By Karin
C. VanMeter, Robert J. Hubert |All
Chapters, Complete Q & A, Latest|
[1] Question: A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and
shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal decreased red
blood cell production. Which cellular adaptation is most likely
occurring in the bone marrow?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Answer: A) Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in
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response to a stimulus, such as anaemia, which stimulates
erythropoietin release leading to increased RBC precursors.
Metaplasia is a change from one cell type to another (e.g.,
squamous metaplasia in smokers). Atrophy is a decrease in cell
size. Dysplasia is disordered growth, often precancerous.
[2] Question: A patient with chronic bronchitis has a chronic
cough and increased mucus production. The epithelial lining of
the bronchi changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar to
stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: C) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another. In chronic irritation
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(smoking, bronchitis), ciliated columnar cells are replaced by
stratified squamous epithelium, which is more resistant but loses
ciliary function.
[3] Question: A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which of
the following will occur?
A) The cell will shrink due to water moving out
B) The cell will swell and may burst due to water moving in
C) The cell will remain unchanged
D) The cell will undergo apoptosis
Answer: B) The cell will swell and may burst due to water
moving in
Rationale: In a hypotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has a
lower solute concentration than the cell’s interior. Water moves
by osmosis into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially lyse.
[4] Question: Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP
production and is often damaged by hypoxia?
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A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. Hypoxia impairs electron transport, reducing
ATP and leading to cellular injury, swelling, and eventual
necrosis.
[5] Question: A patient experiences irreversible cell injury.
Which change is characteristic of necrosis but not apoptosis?
A) Cellular shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies
B) Activation of caspases
C) Inflammation in surrounding tissue
D) Phagocytosis by adjacent cells without inflammation
Test Bank For Gould's Pathophysiology for
the Health Professions 7th Edition By Karin
C. VanMeter, Robert J. Hubert |All
Chapters, Complete Q & A, Latest|
[1] Question: A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and
shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal decreased red
blood cell production. Which cellular adaptation is most likely
occurring in the bone marrow?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Answer: A) Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in
,Page 2 of 102
response to a stimulus, such as anaemia, which stimulates
erythropoietin release leading to increased RBC precursors.
Metaplasia is a change from one cell type to another (e.g.,
squamous metaplasia in smokers). Atrophy is a decrease in cell
size. Dysplasia is disordered growth, often precancerous.
[2] Question: A patient with chronic bronchitis has a chronic
cough and increased mucus production. The epithelial lining of
the bronchi changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar to
stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: C) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another. In chronic irritation
,Page 3 of 102
(smoking, bronchitis), ciliated columnar cells are replaced by
stratified squamous epithelium, which is more resistant but loses
ciliary function.
[3] Question: A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which of
the following will occur?
A) The cell will shrink due to water moving out
B) The cell will swell and may burst due to water moving in
C) The cell will remain unchanged
D) The cell will undergo apoptosis
Answer: B) The cell will swell and may burst due to water
moving in
Rationale: In a hypotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has a
lower solute concentration than the cell’s interior. Water moves
by osmosis into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially lyse.
[4] Question: Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP
production and is often damaged by hypoxia?
, Page 4 of 102
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. Hypoxia impairs electron transport, reducing
ATP and leading to cellular injury, swelling, and eventual
necrosis.
[5] Question: A patient experiences irreversible cell injury.
Which change is characteristic of necrosis but not apoptosis?
A) Cellular shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies
B) Activation of caspases
C) Inflammation in surrounding tissue
D) Phagocytosis by adjacent cells without inflammation
