BIOL 320 EXAM 1 TAMU TAYLOR
2026 BIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Blood ____________ (leaving/entering) the heart is at its highest
pressure. Answer: Leaving
◉ What are the three layers of a blood vessel from most deep to most
superficial? Answer: - Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
◉ What type of tissue is tunica intima comprised of? Answer:
Endothelial tissue
◉ What type of cells is tunica media comprised of? Answer: Smooth
muscle tissue
◉ What type of cells is tunica externa comprised of? Answer: Collagen
fibers
◉ Which tunic is significantly smaller in a vein when compared to and
artery? Answer: Tunica media
◉ What are the two layers of a capillary? Answer: Basement membrane
and endothelial cells
,◉ What are the three types of arteries? Answer: - Elastic
- Muscular
- Arteriole
◉ What are the two types of veins? Answer: Venule and veins
◉ What are the functions of tunica externa? Answer: - Anchoring
- Protection
- House vaso vasorum
◉ Define: Vaso vasorum Answer: Network of blood vessels that feel the
blood vessels of the body; micro circulatory system
◉ What structure about veins prevents backflow? Answer: Valves
◉ What are the major functions of elastic arteries? Answer: - Reduce
shock
- EVEN OUT FLOW
◉ T/F: Elastic and muscular arteries vasoconstrict while arterioles
cannot vasoconstrict. Answer: False: Muscular arteries and arterioles
CAN vasoconstrict while elastic arteries CANNOT vasoconstrict
,◉ What is the major function of muscular arteries? Answer: Limit flow
of blood to less important/nonessential tissues
◉ What is the function of arterioles? Answer: To connect arteries to
capillaries
◉ How thick are capillary walls? Answer: 1 cell thick
◉ Define: Thoroughfare (wrt capillaries) Answer: Structures that allow
blood to pass through closed capillary beds unhindered
◉ What are the functions of pericytes? Answer: Stabilize the walls of
capillary beds
◉ What are the functions of precapillary sphincters? Answer: To
constrict and dilate to open and close capillary beds as needed
◉ In what tissues can you find continuous capillary walls? Answer:
Skin, muscle, and brain
◉ What sort of permeability do continuous capillary walls have?
Answer: Very restricted: Only allow for select solutes and chemicals to
move
◉ What are the two subcategories of fenestrated capillaries? Answer:
With and without a diaphragm
, ◉ In what tissues are fenestrated capillaries found? Answer: Intestine,
kidneys, and endocrine glands
◉ Fenestrated capillaries allow for ____________ (a lot/very little)
solute movement. Answer: A lot
◉ In what tissues are sinusoidal capillaries found? Answer: Tissues that
are involved with blood: Liver, marrow, spleen
◉ Define: Fenestra Answer: Gaps within capillary walls that allow for
the movement of solutes and blood cells
◉ List the capillary types in order from least to most leaky (include both
types of fenestrated capillaries). Answer: - Continuous
- Fenstrated w/ diaphragm
- Fenestrated w/out diaphragm
- Sinusoidal
◉ What causes hemorrhoids and varicose veins? Answer: Ruptured vein
valves
◉ What % of blood exists in veins and venules? Answer: 60%
◉ What % of blood exists in arteries and arterioles? Answer: 15%
2026 BIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Blood ____________ (leaving/entering) the heart is at its highest
pressure. Answer: Leaving
◉ What are the three layers of a blood vessel from most deep to most
superficial? Answer: - Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
◉ What type of tissue is tunica intima comprised of? Answer:
Endothelial tissue
◉ What type of cells is tunica media comprised of? Answer: Smooth
muscle tissue
◉ What type of cells is tunica externa comprised of? Answer: Collagen
fibers
◉ Which tunic is significantly smaller in a vein when compared to and
artery? Answer: Tunica media
◉ What are the two layers of a capillary? Answer: Basement membrane
and endothelial cells
,◉ What are the three types of arteries? Answer: - Elastic
- Muscular
- Arteriole
◉ What are the two types of veins? Answer: Venule and veins
◉ What are the functions of tunica externa? Answer: - Anchoring
- Protection
- House vaso vasorum
◉ Define: Vaso vasorum Answer: Network of blood vessels that feel the
blood vessels of the body; micro circulatory system
◉ What structure about veins prevents backflow? Answer: Valves
◉ What are the major functions of elastic arteries? Answer: - Reduce
shock
- EVEN OUT FLOW
◉ T/F: Elastic and muscular arteries vasoconstrict while arterioles
cannot vasoconstrict. Answer: False: Muscular arteries and arterioles
CAN vasoconstrict while elastic arteries CANNOT vasoconstrict
,◉ What is the major function of muscular arteries? Answer: Limit flow
of blood to less important/nonessential tissues
◉ What is the function of arterioles? Answer: To connect arteries to
capillaries
◉ How thick are capillary walls? Answer: 1 cell thick
◉ Define: Thoroughfare (wrt capillaries) Answer: Structures that allow
blood to pass through closed capillary beds unhindered
◉ What are the functions of pericytes? Answer: Stabilize the walls of
capillary beds
◉ What are the functions of precapillary sphincters? Answer: To
constrict and dilate to open and close capillary beds as needed
◉ In what tissues can you find continuous capillary walls? Answer:
Skin, muscle, and brain
◉ What sort of permeability do continuous capillary walls have?
Answer: Very restricted: Only allow for select solutes and chemicals to
move
◉ What are the two subcategories of fenestrated capillaries? Answer:
With and without a diaphragm
, ◉ In what tissues are fenestrated capillaries found? Answer: Intestine,
kidneys, and endocrine glands
◉ Fenestrated capillaries allow for ____________ (a lot/very little)
solute movement. Answer: A lot
◉ In what tissues are sinusoidal capillaries found? Answer: Tissues that
are involved with blood: Liver, marrow, spleen
◉ Define: Fenestra Answer: Gaps within capillary walls that allow for
the movement of solutes and blood cells
◉ List the capillary types in order from least to most leaky (include both
types of fenestrated capillaries). Answer: - Continuous
- Fenstrated w/ diaphragm
- Fenestrated w/out diaphragm
- Sinusoidal
◉ What causes hemorrhoids and varicose veins? Answer: Ruptured vein
valves
◉ What % of blood exists in veins and venules? Answer: 60%
◉ What % of blood exists in arteries and arterioles? Answer: 15%
