NUR 502 – Exam 1, Advanced Pathophysiology Nursing Course, Study Guide and Foundational
Concepts Review
Red Flags for Fever - correct answer ✔✔1) Changes in crying pattern
2) Inconsolability
3) Cyanosis
4) Decreased Breath Sounds
5) Rapid breathing
6) Decreased skin elasticity
7) Hypotension
8) Menogeal irritation
9) Petechial Rash
10) Unconsciousness
Differential Diagnosis for infant with fever - correct answer ✔✔bacteremia
dehydration
bronchotitis
croup
Leukocytosis
Measels
diarrhea
asyptic or bacterial meningitis
otitis media
Flu
Pneumococcal infections/bacteremia
RSV
, UTI
Varicella
Fever Work up - correct answer ✔✔CXR, UA, urine and blood CS, sputum CS, LP, stool
Pathophysiology of a fever - correct answer ✔✔1) is a result of an alteration in teh
thermoregulatory center of the reoptic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus.
2) Within the center of the group of neurons that maintain body temperature.
3) These neurons are sensitive to cytokine-mediated responses, as well as acute phase reactants
such as toxins and products of viral or bacterial metabolism.
4) Antigen-antibody complexes and complement components also act as pyrogens, causing
monocytes to activate to become macrophages and other inflammatory cells to release
cytokines.
Cytokines - correct answer ✔✔these are a critical factor in a fever
release prostaglandin E that raises the thermoregulatory set point.
Rectal Temperature - correct answer ✔✔Gold Standard to check temp
It more closely approxmates body core temperature reading
Physiological effects of fever in a child - correct answer ✔✔Heart rate increases 10-15 bpm
RR increases three to five breaths per minute
for each elevation of degree centigrade
Fever Management - correct answer ✔✔hydration
reassurance to parent
appropriate clothing
Concepts Review
Red Flags for Fever - correct answer ✔✔1) Changes in crying pattern
2) Inconsolability
3) Cyanosis
4) Decreased Breath Sounds
5) Rapid breathing
6) Decreased skin elasticity
7) Hypotension
8) Menogeal irritation
9) Petechial Rash
10) Unconsciousness
Differential Diagnosis for infant with fever - correct answer ✔✔bacteremia
dehydration
bronchotitis
croup
Leukocytosis
Measels
diarrhea
asyptic or bacterial meningitis
otitis media
Flu
Pneumococcal infections/bacteremia
RSV
, UTI
Varicella
Fever Work up - correct answer ✔✔CXR, UA, urine and blood CS, sputum CS, LP, stool
Pathophysiology of a fever - correct answer ✔✔1) is a result of an alteration in teh
thermoregulatory center of the reoptic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus.
2) Within the center of the group of neurons that maintain body temperature.
3) These neurons are sensitive to cytokine-mediated responses, as well as acute phase reactants
such as toxins and products of viral or bacterial metabolism.
4) Antigen-antibody complexes and complement components also act as pyrogens, causing
monocytes to activate to become macrophages and other inflammatory cells to release
cytokines.
Cytokines - correct answer ✔✔these are a critical factor in a fever
release prostaglandin E that raises the thermoregulatory set point.
Rectal Temperature - correct answer ✔✔Gold Standard to check temp
It more closely approxmates body core temperature reading
Physiological effects of fever in a child - correct answer ✔✔Heart rate increases 10-15 bpm
RR increases three to five breaths per minute
for each elevation of degree centigrade
Fever Management - correct answer ✔✔hydration
reassurance to parent
appropriate clothing
