Revision Notes
Class - 9 Social Science (History)
Chapter 2 - Socialism in Europe and The Russian Revolution
The Three Political Paradigms
After the French Revolution, there was an emergence of new paradigms that were
new to the political sphere of the period at that time. They were:
● Conservatives
● Liberals
● Radicals
The Problems with Industrialisation
Before industrialization in Europe, the people were no longer able to sustain their
livelihood using traditional farming and agriculture methods. Growing
population, constant wars, monarchy, etc. were causing the living standard of the
people in Europe to decline.
People came in lots to work in the industries due to which wages were very less.
Due to urbanization, problems arose due to housing and sanitation.
The liberals and radicals wanted solutions for such issues.
The Emergence of Socialism
The socialists promoted the ownership of properties to communities as they
thought the privately owned properties were crony. Some socialists were Robert
Owen, Louis Blanc, etc. who supported the formation of cooperatives dismantling
the privately owned industries.
Karl Marx noted that the profit that was made by the owners was due to the hard
work of the workers. He thought that prevention of accumulation of wealth needs
to be done and dreamt of a world where the society was rich as a whole.
Socialist Revolution in Russia
● In the early 20th century, Russia had a monarchical system.
Class - 9 Social Science (History)
Chapter 2 - Socialism in Europe and The Russian Revolution
The Three Political Paradigms
After the French Revolution, there was an emergence of new paradigms that were
new to the political sphere of the period at that time. They were:
● Conservatives
● Liberals
● Radicals
The Problems with Industrialisation
Before industrialization in Europe, the people were no longer able to sustain their
livelihood using traditional farming and agriculture methods. Growing
population, constant wars, monarchy, etc. were causing the living standard of the
people in Europe to decline.
People came in lots to work in the industries due to which wages were very less.
Due to urbanization, problems arose due to housing and sanitation.
The liberals and radicals wanted solutions for such issues.
The Emergence of Socialism
The socialists promoted the ownership of properties to communities as they
thought the privately owned properties were crony. Some socialists were Robert
Owen, Louis Blanc, etc. who supported the formation of cooperatives dismantling
the privately owned industries.
Karl Marx noted that the profit that was made by the owners was due to the hard
work of the workers. He thought that prevention of accumulation of wealth needs
to be done and dreamt of a world where the society was rich as a whole.
Socialist Revolution in Russia
● In the early 20th century, Russia had a monarchical system.
